Agriculture field Mishra

Banda University of Agriculture and technology Banda Bsc(hons) Forestry All Semester Notes Download in pdf, Zip file format  College of Forestry Notes :- 1st Semester Notes Download Link:- ⏩ 1st Semester Notes Download Link ⏪ Click here  2nd Semester Notes Download Link:- ⏪ 2nd Semester Notes Download Link ⏩ Click here  3rd Semester Notes Download Link: -    ⏩( 3rd Semester Notes Download Link )⏪ click here  4th Semester Notes Download Link:- 4th Semester Notes pdf download link 1 ⏪ click here 4th Semester Download Link 5th semester notes download link:- ⏩ 5th Semester Notes Download ⏪ click here  6th semester notes download link:- 📩📩 ⏩ 6th semester notes BUAT Banda  ⏪ click here  7th Semester Notes Download Link:- ⏪ 7th Semester Notes Download link ⏩click here 8th Semester Notes Download Link  ⏩ 8th Semester notes Download link ⏪Click here Project work Report and ELP presentation   ⏩ Fowe Report batch 2019 BUAT Banda ⏪Click ...

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 FOREST (वन): forest is derived from latin word “Foris”, meaning outside the village boundary. Generally forest refers to an area with different kinds of trees, shrubs, herbs/grasses and wildlife. Definitions: 1. Technically, forest is defined as an area set aside for the production of timber and other forest produce, or maintained under woody vegetation for certain indirect benefits which it provides (eg climatic or protective). 2. Ecologically, forest is defined as plant community predominantly of trees and other woody vegetation usually with a closed canopy. 3. Legally, forest is an area of land proclaimed to be a forest under forest law. Forestry (वािनकी): defined as the theory and practice of all that constitutes the creation, conservation and scientific management of forests and the utilization of their resources. Forestry is applied science, which is concerned with  Cultivation of forest crop  Protection of forest crop  Conservation of forest crop  Management of forest c...

 8. RUTACEAE Distribution: The family contains of 162 genera and 1650 species widely distributed in the tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. In India, 23 genera with 70 species are found with common examples as Citrus, Aegle, Murraya, Feronia, Atlantia etc. Zanthoxylum (200 species), Agathosma (180 species and Citrus (65 species) are some large genera of the family. Salient feature: The presence of pellucid glands filled with essential oils is a characteristic feature of the plants. Flowers are protandrous and insect pollinated. Seeds are dispersed by human agency and animals. Description: Plants may be herbs, shrubs (Murraya) or trees (Aegle, Citrus, Feronia) and are often armed; leaves exstipulate, winged petiole present; flower complete; stamens twice the number of petals, gynophores is present; placentation is axile. Leaves: Leaves are opposite and alternate, exstipulate and simple (Calodendron, Diosnia) or compound, trifoliate (Aegle and Triphasia) or pinnately comp...

  HETEROKARYOSIS IN FUNGI ❖ Heterokaryosis is the main source of variation in the anamorphic (imperfect) fungi, which lack sexual reproduction. The term Heterokaryosis was proposed by Hansen and Smith in 1932, who reported it for the first time in Botrytis cinerea . ❖ The presence of genetically-different nuclei in an individual is called heterokaryosis, and the organism heterokaryon. ❖ Essentially, a heterokaryon possesses two sets of chromosomes, just like a diploid organism, but instead of being contained in a single nucleus, the two sets of chromosomes lie in separate nuclei, sharing the same cytoplasm. ❖ Heterokaryons show dominance and, thus, resemble diploids in many respects. Heterokaryosis is a major factor in natural variability and sexuality. ❖ The heterokaryotic condition can arise in a fungus by three methods, viz., (1) Mutation, (2) Anastomosis i.e., fusion between genetically-different hyphae, and (3) Diplodization-fusion between haploid nuclei to form...