VOCABULARY OF THE HINDU for banking students, IBPS, NABARD, RBI

VOCABULARY OF THE HINDU

Rebound:

Synonym: Recovery, resurgence

Antonym: Decline, deterioration

Sentence: After facing a setback, the company experienced a remarkable rebound in its sales.

Meridian: 

Synonym: Apex, pinnacle 

Antonym: Nadir, bottom 

Sentence: Graduating from university was the meridian of her academic achievements.

Stretched: 

Synonym: Extended, elongated 

Antonym: Contracted, shortened 

Sentence: The elastic band stretched as I pulled it from one end to the other.

Heed: 

Synonym: Pay attention to, heedfulness 

Antonym: Ignore, disregard 

Sentence: It's important to heed the warnings posted along the hiking trail.

Volatile: 

Synonym: Unstable, erratic 

Antonym: Stable, steady 

Sentence: The volatile stock market made investors nervous about the future.

Haste: 

Synonym: Speed, swiftness 

Antonym: Delay, procrastination 

Sentence: In his haste to catch the bus, he forgot his umbrella at home.

Logistics:

 Synonym: Organization, coordination 

Antonym: Disorganization, chaos 

Sentence: The logistics of planning a large-scale event can be quite challenging

Post haste:

Synonym: Immediately, promptly

Antonym: Delayed, slowly

Sentence: Realizing he was running late, he rushed to

finish his work post haste.

Disinflation: 

Synonym: Deflation, slowdown Antonym: Inflation, price hike Sentence: The central bank's policies successfully led to disinflation, easing the burden on consumers.

Portents: Synonym: Signs, omens Antonym: Normality, insignificance Sentence: The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were seen as portents of an impending storm

Entrenched: Synonym: Established, ingrained Antonym: Flexible, adaptable Sentence: The company's outdated policies were deeply entrenched and resistant to change.

Tantalizingly: Synonym: Temptingly, alluringly Antonym: Unappealingly, repulsively Sentence: The aroma of freshly baked bread wafted tantalizingly through the air, making everyone hungry

Elusive: Synonym: Evasive, slippery Antonym: Attainable, accessible Sentence: The solution to the complex puzzle remained elusive despite hours of effort.

Elusive: Synonym: Evasive, slippery Antonym: Attainable, accessible Sentence: The solution to the complex puzzle remained elusive despite hours of effort.

Perishable: Synonym: Spoilable, decayable Antonym: Nonperishable, durable Sentence: It's important to refrigerate perishable foods to prevent them from spoiling quickly.

Insurgency: Synonym: Rebellion, uprising Antonym: Obedience, compliance Sentence: The government faced a significant insurgency in the northern region, led by rebel groups seeking independence.

Diminished: Synonym: Reduced, decreased Antonym: Increased, enhanced Sentence: The company's profits diminished significantly after the economic downturn.

Conventional: Synonym: Traditional, standard Antonym: Unconventional, innovative Sentence: She preferred unconventional methods of teaching rather than relying on conventional textbooks.

Combing: Synonym: Searching, hunting Antonym: Ignoring, neglecting Sentence: The detective spent hours combing through the evidence to find clues leading to the suspect.

Combing: Synonym: Searching, hunting Antonym: Ignoring, neglecting Sentence: The detective spent hours combing through the evidence to find clues leading to the suspect.

Anachronistic:

Synonym: Outdated, obsolete

Antonym: Modern, contemporary

Sentence: The use of typewriters in the office seemed

anachronistic in an era of advanced computers and

technology.

Partitioning: Synonym: Division, separation Antonym: Unification, integration Sentence: The partitioning of the country into two separate states led to years of conflict and unrest

Conflate: Synonym: Merge, blend Antonym: Differentiate, separate Sentence: The report mistakenly conflated two unrelated incidents, leading to confusion among readers.

Fracturing: Synonym: Breaking, splitting Antonym: Unity, cohesion Sentence: The fracturing of the ice sheet resulted in the formation of numerous smaller icebergs.

Marginalizes: Synonym: Excludes, sidelines Antonym: Includes, involves Sentence: The company's hiring policies unintentionally marginalize candidates from underrepresented backgrounds

Dictum: Synonym: Pronouncement, declaration Antonym: Inquiry, question Sentence: The judge's dictum established a precedent for future legal cases regarding property rights

Manifesto: Synonym: Proclamation, declaration Antonym: Concealment, secrecy Sentence: The party leader unveiled their manifesto outlining their plans for economic reform.

Catalogue:

Synonym: Inventory, directory

Antonym: Scattered, disorganized

Sentence: The bookstore offers a comprehensive

catalogue of titles spanning various genres.

Criminalisation: Synonym: Prosecution, penalization Antonym: Decriminalization, legalization Sentence: The government proposed legislation aimed at the criminalization of insider trading.

Reservations: Synonym: Qualms, hesitations Antonym: Approvals, endorsements Sentence: Despite her reservations, she decided to book a table at the restaurant for their anniversary dinner.

Contentious: Synonym: Disputable, debatable Antonym: Agreeable, uncontroversial Sentence: The issue of climate change remains highly contentious among policymakers and scientists.

Substantive: Synonym: Significant, meaningful Antonym: Insignificant, trivial Sentence: The negotiators reached a substantive agreement on trade tariffs after weeks of deliberation.

Dichotomy: Synonym: Duality, division Antonym: Unity, synthesis Sentence: The debate revealed a sharp dichotomy between the two political ideologies

Bluster: Synonym: Swagger, rant Antonym: Whisper, murmur Sentence: Despite his blustering, he failed to intimidate his opponents.

Harping: Synonym: Nagging, dwelling Antonym: Forgetting, ignoring Sentence: She kept harping on about the need for stricter regulations.

Swaying: Synonym: Influencing, persuading Antonym: Resisting, opposing Sentence: The charismatic leader had a way of swaying the opinions of the crowd with his speeches

Assertion: Synonym: Affirmation, declaration Antonym: Doubt, skepticism Sentence: She made a bold assertion that she would succeed despite the challenges.

Reclaim: Synonym: Retrieve, recover Antonym: Surrender, abandon Sentence: The environmentalist campaigned to reclaim the polluted river and restore it to its natural state.

Allegiance: Synonym: Loyalty, fidelity Antonym: Treachery, disloyalty Sentence: The soldiers pledged their allegiance to their country and swore to defend it at all costs.

Assertion: Synonym: Affirmation, declaration Antonym: Doubt, skepticism Sentence: She made a bold assertion that she would succeed despite the challenges.

Apathy: Synonym: Indifference, lethargy Antonym: Enthusiasm, passion Sentence: The voter turnout was low, indicating widespread apathy towards the political process

Bountiful: Synonym: Abundant, plentiful Antonym: Scarce, insufficient Sentence: The harvest was bountiful this year, providing enough food for the entire village.

Surplus: Synonym: Excess, abundance Antonym: Shortage, deficiency Sentence: The surplus of goods allowed the company to lower prices and attract more customers.

Deficit: Synonym: Shortfall, insufficiency Antonym: Surplus, abundance Sentence: The government's budget deficit has led to cuts in public services and infrastructure projects.

Deficit: Synonym: Shortfall, insufficiency Antonym: Surplus, abundance Sentence: The government's budget deficit has led to cuts in public services and infrastructure projects.

Excessive: Synonym: Immoderate, extravagant Antonym: Moderate, restrained Sentence: The excessive heatwave caused discomfort and health problems for many residents.

Premised: Synonym: Based on, founded on Antonym: Unfounded, baseless Sentence: The success of the project is premised on effective collaboration between all team members.

Torrential: Synonym: Heavy, intense Antonym: Light, gentle Sentence: The torrential rain flooded the streets and caused traffic chaos in the city.

Quadrennial: Recurring every four years. Synonym: Four-yearly Antonym: Annual Sentence: The Olympic Games are a quadrennial event that attracts athletes from all over the world

Marquee: The main or most prominent event. Synonym: Headline Antonym: Minor Sentence: The marquee event of the evening was the championship boxing match.

Extravaganza: A spectacular or lavish event or display. Synonym: Spectacle Antonym: Simplicity Sentence: The New Year's Eve extravaganza in Times Square draws millions of spectators every year

Indelible: Impossible to remove or forget. Synonym: Permanent Antonym: Erasable Sentence: The experience left an indelible impression on her memory.

Mettle: A person's ability to cope well with difficulties or to face a demanding situation in a spirited and resilient way. Synonym: Courage Antonym: Cowardice Sentence: The firefighters showed their mettle by rescuing the children from the burning building.

Springboard: A platform or system that serves as a starting point for further development or advancement. Synonym: Launchpad Antonym: Hindrance Sentence: The internship served as a springboard for her successful career in journalism.

Chock-a-block: Completely full; crowded. Synonym: Packed Antonym: Empty Sentence: The downtown area was chock-ablock with holiday shoppers.

Incarceration Meaning: The state of being confined in prison; imprisonment. Synonym: Imprisonment Antonym: Freedom Sentence: His long incarceration gave him plenty of time to reflect on his mistakes.

Vitiating Meaning: Spoiling or impairing the quality or efficiency of something. Synonym: Corrupting Antonym: Enhancing Sentence: The scandal had a vitiating effect on the company's reputation

Allegations Meaning: Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically made without proof. Synonym: Accusations Antonym: Exonerations Sentence: The politician denied the allegations of corruption leveled against him.

Adversaries Meaning: Opponents or enemies, especially in a political context. Synonym: Enemies Antonym: Allies Sentence: The two countries have been adversaries for many decades.

Prosecution Meaning: The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge. Synonym: Litigation Antonym: Defense Sentence: The prosecution presented its case with compelling evidence.

Piecemeal Meaning: Characterized by unsystematic partial measures taken over a period of time. Synonym: Fragmented Antonym: Comprehensive Sentence: The project was completed in a piecemeal fashion, leading to inconsistent results

Approvers Meaning: People who give their assent, approval, or consent to something. Synonym: Endorsers Antonym: Dissenters Sentence: The policy was passed by a majority of approvers in the committee.

Weaponised Meaning: Adapted for use as a weapon, typically through modification or alteration. Synonym: Armed Antonym: Disarmed Sentence: The technology was weaponised to enhance the country's defense capabilities.

Federalism Meaning: The federal principle or system of government. Synonym: N/A (as federalism is a specific form of governance) Antonym: Centralism Sentence: Federalism allows for a division of powers between national and state governments

Gripped Meaning: Held tightly or firmly. Synonym: Clutched Antonym: Released Sentence: She gripped the handle of the suitcase as she walked through the crowded airport.

Hoax Meaning: A humorous or malicious deception. Synonym: Fraud Antonym: Truth Sentence: The news of the alien invasion turned out to be an elaborate hoax.

Evacuated Meaning: Removed from a place of danger to a safe place. Synonym: Emptied Antonym: Inhabited Sentence: The building was evacuated immediately after the fire alarm went off.

Protocol Meaning: A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. Synonym: Procedure Antonym: Improvisation Sentence: The doctors followed a strict protocol for treating infectious diseases.

Culprits Meaning: A person responsible for a crime or wrongdoing. Synonym: Offenders Antonym: Victims Sentence: The police finally caught the culprits behind the bank robbery.

Lapses Meaning: Temporary failure or decline in concentration, memory, or judgment. Synonym: Slips Antonym: Continuities Sentence: He apologized for the lapse in his judgment during the meeting.

Vigilance Meaning: The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties. Synonym: Alertness Antonym: Negligence Sentence: The guards maintained their vigilance throughout the night.

Frenzy Meaning: A state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behavior. Synonym: Hysteria Antonym: Calm Sentence: The announcement of the concert tickets caused a frenzy among the fans

Kitty Meaning: A sum of money pooled or collected for a particular purpose. Synonym: Fund Antonym: Debt Sentence: The employees contributed to a kitty for their colleague’s retirement gift.

Scurry Meaning: Move hurriedly with short, quick steps. Synonym: Scamper Antonym: Saunter Sentence: The mice scurried away as soon as the lights were turned on.

Momentum Meaning: The impetus gained by a moving object. Synonym: Drive Antonym: Inertia Sentence: The car gained momentum as it sped down the hill.

Imperative Meaning: Of vital importance; crucial. Synonym: Essential Antonym: Optional Sentence: It is imperative that we reach the hospital before midnight.

Overshooting Meaning: Exceeding or surpassing a target or goal. Synonym: Exceeding Antonym: Falling short Sentence: The spacecraft ended up overshooting its intended orbit.

Virtuous Meaning: Having or showing high moral standards. Synonym: Ethical Antonym: Immoral Sentence: She was admired for her virtuous behavior and integrity.

Anomalies Meaning: Deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule. Synonym: Irregularities Antonym: Norms ●Sentence: Scientists are trying to explain the anomalies observed in the data.

●Sensitivity ● Meaning: The quality of being sensitive, aware, or responsive to the needs and feelings of others. ●Synonym: Awareness ●Antonym: Insensitivity ●Sentence: Her sensitivity to others’ feelings made her a great counselor.

●Professionalism ● Meaning: The conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person; adherence to professional standards. ●Synonym: Competence ●Antonym: Unprofessionalism ●Sentence: His professionalism during the meeting impressed the clients.

●Swiftness ● Meaning: The quality of being quick or rapid; rapidity of motion or action. ●Synonym: Speed ●Antonym: Slowness ●Sentence: The swiftness of the response team saved many lives during the crisis.

●Emboldens ● Meaning: To make someone feel more courageous, confident, or empowered. ●Synonym: Encourages ●Antonym: Discourages ●Sentence: The coach's speech emboldens the players to give their best performance.

●Perpetrators ● Meaning: Individuals who carry out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act, especially a crime. ●Synonym: Offenders ●Antonym: Victims ●Sentence: The police are working hard to bring the perpetrators of the crime to justice.

●Distressing ● Meaning: Causing anxiety, sorrow, or pain; troubling or upsetting. ●Synonym: Upsetting ●Antonym: Comforting ●Sentence: The news of the accident was very distressing to the family.

●Trauma ● Meaning: A deeply distressing or disturbing experience, often resulting in psychological or emotional harm. ●Synonym: Shock ●Antonym: Calm ●Sentence: The trauma of the car accident left her afraid to drive.

●Familial ● Meaning: Relating to or characteristic of a family; connected with one's family. ●Synonym: Domestic ●Antonym: Non-familial ●Sentence: She had a strong sense of familial duty and always took care of her relatives.

●Resign ● Meaning: To voluntarily leave a job or position, typically by formally notifying one's employer in writing. ●Synonym: Quit ●Antonym: Accept ●Sentence: She decided to resign from her position to pursue further studies

Bifurcated ● Meaning: Divided into two parts or branches. ●Synonym: Split ●Antonym: United ●Sentence: The river bifurcated into two smaller streams at the base of the mountain.

Dissolution ● Meaning: The action of formally ending or dismissing an assembly, partnership, or official body. ●Synonym: Termination ●Antonym: Formation ●Sentence: The dissolution of the company was announced in the press release.

●Disillusionment ● Meaning: A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be. ●Synonym: Disenchantment ●Antonym: Contentment ●Sentence: She experienced disillusionment after realizing her dream job was not as fulfilling as she had hoped.

●Repression ● Meaning: The action of subduing someone or something by force. ●Synonym: Suppression ●Antonym: Liberation ●Sentence: The government's repression of free speech was widely criticized.

Abrogation ● Meaning: The repeal or abolition of a law, right, or agreement. ●Synonym: Repeal ●Antonym: Enactment ●Sentence: The abrogation of the outdated law was seen as a progressive move.

●Alienation ● Meaning: The state or experience of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved. ●Synonym: Estrangement ●Antonym: Inclusion ●Sentence: His constant criticism led to his alienation from the group

Ostensibly ● Meaning: Apparently or purportedly, but perhaps not actually. ●Synonym: Seemingly ●Antonym: Genuinely ●Sentence: She was ostensibly at the conference to learn, but she spent most of her time networking

● Hostilities ● Meaning: Hostile behavior; unfriendliness or opposition. ●Synonym: Aggression ●Antonym: Peace ●Sentence: The hostilities between the two countries escalated quickly.

●Triumphal ● Meaning: Relating to or celebrating a victory or success. ●Synonym: Victorious ●Antonym: Defeated ●Sentence: The team received a triumphal welcome after winning the championship.

● Hollow ● Meaning: Without significance; meaningless. ●Synonym: Empty ●Antonym: Meaningful ●Sentence: His apology seemed hollow and insincere.

●Rejoinder ● Meaning: A response, especially a formal one. ●Synonym: Reply ●Antonym: Silence ●Sentence: The lawyer's rejoinder to the accusation was both swift and convincing.

●Supervisory ● Meaning: Having the function of overseeing or directing. ●Synonym: Managerial ●Antonym: Subordinate ●Sentence: She was promoted to a supervisory role after demonstrating exceptional leadership skills.

●Grievance ● Meaning: A real or imagined wrong or other cause for complaint or protest, especially unfair treatment. ●Synonym: Complaint ●Antonym: Satisfaction ●Sentence: The employees filed a grievance against the company for unfair working conditions.

Stipulated ● Meaning: Demanded or specified as part of an agreement. ●Synonym: Specified ●Antonym: Optional ●Sentence: The contract stipulated that all work must be completed by the end of the month.

●Intervention ● Meaning: The action or process of intervening in a situation. ●Synonym: Mediation ●Antonym: Noninterference ●Sentence: The United Nations called for intervention to prevent further violence in the region.

●Litigation ● Meaning: The process of taking legal action; a lawsuit. ●Synonym: Legal action ●Antonym: Settlement ●Sentence: The company was involved in litigation for several years over the patent dispute.

●Cautiously ● Meaning: Carefully, with attention to potential risks or pitfalls. ●Synonym: Carefully ●Antonym: Recklessly ●Sentence: She cautiously navigated through the icy streets to avoid any accidents.

●Vested Interests ● Meaning: Personal or group interests that are seen as having a strong influence on a particular outcome. ●Synonym: Self-interest ●Antonym: Disinterest ●Sentence: The politicians' decisions were heavily influenced by their vested interests in the business sector.

●Prohibition ● Meaning: The action of forbidding something by law. ●Synonym: Ban ●Antonym: Permission ●Sentence: The prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s led to the rise of illegal speakeasies.

●Runaway ● Meaning: (in this context) Uncontrolled or rapid increase. ●Synonym: Uncontrolled ●Antonym: Controlled ●Sentence: The runaway inflation caused prices to skyrocket, making everyday goods unaffordable.

●Levy ● Meaning: Impose or charge (a tax, fee, or fine). ●Synonym: Impose ●Antonym: Remove ●Sentence: The government decided to levy a new tax on luxury goods

●Outcry ● Meaning: An expression of strong disapproval or anger. ●Synonym: Protest ●Antonym: Approval ●Sentence: There was a public outcry against the proposed changes to the healthcare system.

●Preferential ● Meaning: Giving or showing an advantage to one over another. ●Synonym: Favorable ●Antonym: Unfair ●Sentence: The company offered preferential treatment to its long-term customers

● Mandi ● Meaning: A marketplace, especially in South Asia. ●Synonym: Market ●Antonym: (no direct antonym) ●Sentence: Farmers bring their produce to the local mandi to sell it directly to consumers.

●Stabilising ● Meaning: Making or becoming stable or steady. ●Synonym: Steadying ●Antonym: Destabilizing ●Sentence: The government's measures were aimed at stabilising the economy.

●Perishable ● Meaning: Likely to decay or spoil quickly. ●Synonym: Short-lived ●Antonym: Non-perishable ●Sentence: The perishable goods need to be stored in a refrigerator to prevent spoilage.

●Formulation ● Meaning: The action of creating or preparing something. ●Synonym: Creation ●Antonym: Destruction ●Sentence: The scientists spent months on the formulation of the new drug.

● Nuanced ● Meaning: Characterized by subtle differences or nuances; having or showing understanding or appreciation for subtle distinctions. ●Synonym: Subtle ●Antonym: Blatant ●Sentence: Her nuanced understanding of the issue impressed everyone at the meeting.

●Benevolent: ●Synonyms: Kindhearted, charitable, philanthropic, compassionate. ●Antonyms: Malevolent, unkind, cruel, selfish. ● Meaning: Showing kindness, goodwill, and generosity towards others. ●The benevolent old lady spent her weekends volunteering at the local shelter, helping those in need.

●Uptick: ●Synonyms: Increase, rise, boost, improvement. ●Antonyms: Decrease, decline, drop, downturn. ● Meaning: A small upward movement or improvement, especially in a trend or quantity. ●After implementing the new marketing strategy, there was a noticeable uptick in website traffic.

● Meagre: ●Synonyms: Sparse, scanty, inadequate, insufficient. ●Antonyms: Plentiful, abundant, generous, ample. ● Meaning: Lacking in quantity or quality, insufficient or inadequate in amount. ●Despite their best efforts, the refugees were only able to gather meagre supplies for their journey.

●Prop: ●Synonyms: Support, uphold, sustain, bolster. ●Antonyms: Undermine, weaken, hinder, obstruct. ● Meaning: To support or sustain something, often physically or metaphorically ●The sturdy oak tree served as a reliable prop for the swing, providing endless entertainment for the children.

●Reticent: ●Synonyms: Reserved, taciturn, silent, uncommunicative. ●Antonyms: Talkative, outspoken, communicative, forthcoming. ● Meaning: Inclined to be silent or reserved in speech, reluctant to speak. ●Although he was reticent about sharing his personal life, he was always there to lend an ear to his friends' problems.

●Imperative: ●Synonyms: Essential, crucial, necessary, vital. ●Antonyms: Optional, unnecessary, nonessential, dispensable. ● Meaning: Absolutely necessary or required, unavoidable in importance. ●It is imperative that we address climate change now to prevent irreversible damage to our planet.

● Haunting: ●Synonyms: Persistent, unforgettable, lingering, eerie. ●Antonyms: Forgettable, fleeting, transient, unremarkable. ● Meaning: Persistently recurring in the mind, difficult to forget or shake off. ●The haunting melody of the song stayed with her long after the concert ended, echoing in her mind.

● Momentum: ●Synonyms: Force, impetus, energy, drive. ●Antonyms: Inertia, stagnation, halt, standstill. ● Meaning: The strength or force that allows something to continue or grow stronger, often in a figurative sense. ●With each successful project, the team gained momentum, propelling them closer to their ultimate goal.

●Rationalist: ●Synonyms: Logical, reasoned, analytical, pragmatic. ●Antonyms: Irrational, emotional, illogical, superstitious. ● Meaning: A person who bases their beliefs and actions on reason and knowledge rather than religious or emotional considerations. ●The rationalist approached the problem with a logical mindset, relying on evidence and reason rather than superstition or emotion.

●Superstition: ●Synonyms: Myth, folklore, irrational belief, old wives' tale. ●Antonyms: Rationality, logic, reason, skepticism. ● Meaning: A belief or notion, not based on reason or knowledge, in the ominous significance of a particular thing, circumstance, or occurrence. ●Despite the rational explanations provided by scientists, many people still hold on to superstitions regarding Friday the 13^th

●Acquittal: ●Synonyms: Exoneration, clearance, vindication, absolution. ●Antonyms: Conviction, guilty verdict, condemnation. ● Meaning: The judgment of a court that a defendant is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged. ●After a lengthy trial, the defendant was relieved to receive an acquittal, vindicating their innocence in the eyes of the law.

●Otolaryngologist: ●Synonyms: ENT specialist, ear-nose-throat doctor, head and neck surgeon. ● Meaning: A physician specializing in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. ●The otolaryngologist diagnosed the patient with a deviated septum and recommended surgery to alleviate their breathing difficulties.

●Syndicate: ●Synonyms: Association, consortium, alliance, coalition. ● Meaning: A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote some common interest. ●The labor syndicate negotiated with management to secure better working conditions and higher wages for its members.

●Disquieting: ●Synonyms: Disturbing, unsettling, alarming, troubling. ●Antonyms: Calming, reassuring, soothing, comforting. ● Meaning: Causing anxiety or uneasiness; unsettling. ●The disquieting news of the impending layoffs left employees feeling anxious and uncertain about their futures.

●Arraigned: ●Synonyms: Indicted, charged, prosecuted, summoned. ● Meaning: To call or bring someone before a court to answer a criminal charge. ●The suspect was arraigned in court and pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and vandalism.

● Heinous: ●Synonyms: Atrocious, monstrous, vile, abhorrent. ●Antonyms: Virtuous, righteous, commendable, honorable. ● Meaning: Utterly wicked or abominable; extremely evil or reprehensible. ●The judge described the crime as heinous, condemning the defendant's actions as utterly reprehensible and deserving of the harshest punishment.’

●Antagonist: ●Synonyms: Adversary, opponent, rival, foe. ●Antonyms: Ally, supporter, friend, collaborator. ● Meaning: A person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something. ●In the story, the antagonist is portrayed as a cunning villain who constantly thwarts the protagonist's efforts to achieve their goals.

●Flattered: ●Synonyms: Pleased, honored, gratified, complimented. ●Antonyms: Insulted, offended, humiliated, disparaged. ● Meaning: To appear more favorable or promising than is actually the case. ●She was flattered by the compliments on her presentation, though she knew it still needed significant improvement.

●Disconcerting: ●Synonyms: Perturbing, unsettling, unnerving, discomfiting. ●Antonyms: Reassuring, comforting, calming, soothing. ● Meaning: Causing one to feel unsettled or uneasy; disturbing. ●The sudden change in his behavior was disconcerting, leaving his friends wondering if something was wrong.

●Acceleration: ●Synonyms: Increase, boost, escalation, advancement. ●Antonyms: Deceleration, slowdown, retardation, decrease. ● Meaning: The increase in rate or speed of something. ●The acceleration of technological advancements has revolutionized the way we live and work

●Dwindling: ●Synonyms: Declining, shrinking, diminishing, decreasing. ●Antonyms: Increasing, growing, expanding, burgeoning. ● Meaning: Diminishing gradually in size, amount, or strength. ●Despite their efforts to conserve water, the drought-stricken region continued to suffer from dwindling water supplies.

●Succour: ●Synonyms: Aid, assistance, relief, support. ● Meaning: Assistance and support in times of hardship and distress. ●In times of crisis, the community came together to provide succour to those affected by the natural disaster, offering food, shelter, and emotional support.

●Interim: ●Synonyms: Temporary, provisional, stopgap, makeshift. ● Meaning: Temporary; in the meantime. ●The company appointed an interim CEO while they searched for a permanent replacement.

●Peculiarities: ●Synonyms: Oddities, eccentricities, quirks, idiosyncrasies. ● Meaning: Distinctive features or characteristics. ●One of the peculiarities of the old house was its hidden attic, which held forgotten treasures from years past.

Approvers: ●Synonyms: Collaborators, informants, witnesses, confessors. ● Meaning: Witnesses who confess to their participation in a crime and testify against their accomplices in exchange for immunity or leniency. ●The prosecutor offered leniency to the approvers in exchange for their testimony against the criminal organization.

●Stringent: ●Synonyms: Strict, rigorous, severe, demanding. ●Antonyms: Lenient, relaxed, flexible, permissive. ● Meaning: Strict, precise, and exacting. ●The university had stringent admission requirements, accepting only the most academically accomplished students.

●Incarceration: ●Synonyms: Imprisonment, confinement, detention, incarceration. ● Meaning: The act of being imprisoned or confined. ●After being found guilty of embezzlement, he faced incarceration in a federal prison for ten years.

●Adversely: ●Synonyms: Harmfully, negatively, detrimentally, injuriously. ●Antonyms: Beneficially, positively, favorably, advantageously. ● Meaning: In a way that has a harmful or negative effect. ●The economic downturn adversely affected small businesses, leading to layoffs and closures.

● Merits: ●Synonyms: Virtues, advantages, strengths, assets. ●Antonyms: Faults, disadvantages, shortcomings, drawbacks. ● Meaning: The inherent rights and wrongs of a case or argument. ●The judge carefully considered the merits of the case before delivering the final verdict.

●Sensible: ●Synonyms: Rational, logical, practical, reasonable. ●Antonyms: Irrational, illogical, foolish, impractical. ● Meaning: Perceived by or affecting the senses or intellect; something that is reasonable or practical. ●It would be sensible to bring an umbrella, given the forecast of heavy rain later today.

●Preponderance: ●Synonyms: Dominance, superiority, prevalence, abundance. ●Antonyms: Scarcity, rarity, paucity, dearth. ● Meaning: The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance. ●The preponderance of evidence supported the prosecution's argument, leading to a conviction.

Espouse: ● Synonyms: Adopt, embrace, support, advocate. ● Antonyms: Reject, oppose, abandon, renounce. ● Meaning: Adopt or support (a cause, belief, or way of life). ● She decided to espouse the principles of environmental conservation and began volunteering for local conservation initiatives.

Clandestine: ● Meaning: Done secretly or kept secret. ●Synonyms: Covert, undercover, surreptitious, hidden. ●Antonyms: Open, overt, public, transparent. ●Sentence: The spies conducted clandestine operations behind enemy lines, gathering valuable intelligence.

Circumvent: ● Meaning: Find a way around (an obstacle). ●Synonyms: Bypass, evade, sidestep, avoid. ●Antonyms: Face, confront, tackle, address. ●Sentence: The cunning thief managed to circumvent the security system and enter the building undetected.

Adverse: ● Meaning: Preventing success or development; harmful; unfavorable. ●Synonyms: Unfavorable, detrimental, hostile, disadvantageous. ●Antonyms: Favorable, beneficial, advantageous, positive. ●Sentence: The adverse weather conditions forced the cancellation of the outdoor event.

●Bona fides: ● Meaning: Good faith; sincerity; honesty. ●Synonyms: Authenticity, genuineness, credibility, integrity. ●Antonyms: Fraudulence, deceit, dishonesty, insincerity. ●Sentence: The company requested proof of his bona fides before entering into negotiations.

Sacrosanct: ● Meaning: Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with. ●Synonyms: Inviolable, sacred, hallowed, inviolate. ●Antonyms: Profane, ordinary, common, mundane. ●Sentence: Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.

●Far-fetched: ● Meaning: Unlikely and unconvincing; implausible. ●Synonyms: Implausible, improbable, unlikely, fanciful. ●Antonyms: Plausible, believable, credible, likely. ●Sentence: The detective dismissed the witness's far-fetched story as pure fiction.

●Outlandish: ● Meaning: Very strange or unusual; bizarre. ●Synonyms: Eccentric, peculiar, bizarre, unconventional. ●Antonyms: Conventional, ordinary, commonplace, familiar. ●Sentence: She wore an outlandish outfit to the costume party, attracting attention from everyone.

Salutary: ● Meaning: Producing good effects; beneficial; health-giving. ●Synonyms: Beneficial, advantageous, wholesome, beneficial. ●Antonyms: Harmful, detrimental, adverse, unhealthy. ●Sentence: The salutary effects of regular exercise on physical and mental health are well-documented.

●Allegations: ● Meaning: Claims or assertions made, typically without proof. ●Synonyms: Accusations, charges, assertions, claims. ●Antonyms: Confirmations, validations, substantiations, proofs. ●Sentence: The allegations of corruption against the politician were vigorously denied.

●Assaulting: ● Meaning: Physically attacking or harming someone. ●Synonyms: Attacking, striking, assaulting, battering. ●Antonyms: Protecting, defending, guarding, shielding. ●Sentence: The security guard prevented the assailant from assaulting the innocent bystander

●Indecently: ● Meaning: In a manner that is offensive or inappropriate. ●Synonyms: Improperly, offensively, obscenely, indecorously. ●Antonyms: Respectfully, decently, modestly, appropriately. ●Sentence: The comedian's jokes were deemed indecent and caused outrage among the audience.

●Accuses: ● Meaning: Charges someone with wrongdoing or fault. ●Synonyms: Blames, charges, accuses, incriminates. ●Antonyms: Exonerates, absolves, acquits, clears. ●Sentence: The prosecutor accuses the suspect of theft based on eyewitness testimony.

●Precedence: ● Meaning: Priority or greater importance given to something. ●Synonyms: Priority, precedence, preference, importance. ●Antonyms: Subordination, inferiority, unimportance, insignificance. ●Sentence: Safety takes precedence over speed when it comes to driving on icy roads.

● Hypocritical: ● Meaning: Behaving in a way that contradicts one's stated beliefs or feelings. ●Synonyms: Two-faced, insincere, deceitful, false. ●Antonyms: Genuine, sincere, honest, authentic. ●Sentence: It's hypocritical to preach about hone

●Decadence: ● Meaning: Moral or cultural decline, often characterized by excessive indulgence. ●Synonyms: Degeneracy, corruption, depravity, dissipation. ●Antonyms: Virtue, purity, asceticism, austerity. ●Sentence: The decadence of the aristocracy was evident in their extravagant parties and lavish lifestyles

sty while engaging in deceitful behavior.

●Rhetorical: ● Meaning: Expressed in terms intended to persuade or impress, rather than to convey literal meaning. ●Synonyms: Persuasive, eloquent, impressive, grandiloquent. ●Antonyms: Literal, plain, straightforward, unadorned. ●Sentence: The politician's speech was filled with rhetorical flourishes designed to sway the audience.

● Nepotism: ● Meaning: Favoritism shown to relatives or close associates, especially in business or politics. ●Synonyms: Favoritism, cronyism, partiality, bias. ●Antonyms: Impartiality, fairness, equity, justice. ●Sentence: The company's hiring practices were criticized for promoting nepotism over meritocracy.

●Insulated: ● Meaning: Protected or shielded from criticism or outside influences. ●Synonyms: Protected, shielded, isolated, buffered. ●Antonyms: Exposed, vulnerable, susceptible, unprotected. ●Sentence: Growing up in a wealthy neighborhood, he was insulated from the realities of poverty and hardship.

●Inaugurating: ● Meaning: To formally open or begin something, especially with a ceremony. ●Synonyms: Launching, initiating, commencing, starting. ●Antonyms: Closing, ending, concluding, terminating. ●Sentence: The mayor will be inaugurating the new library next week with a ribboncutting ceremony.

Escalated: ● Meaning: Increased rapidly in severity or intensity. ●Synonyms: Intensified, heightened, amplified, heightened. ●Antonyms: Decreased, lessened, reduced, abated. ●Sentence: Tensions between the two countries escalated after the border dispute turned violent.

●Confidant: ● Meaning: A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it to others. ●Synonyms: Trustee, confidante, intimate, ally. ●Antonyms: Betrayer, traitor, foe, adversary. ●Sentence: She confided in her best friend, knowing he would keep her secrets safe as her confidant.

●Unprecedented: ● Meaning: Never done or known before; without previous example. ●Synonyms: Unparalleled, exceptional, extraordinary, novel. ●Antonyms: Common, ordinary, familiar, routine. ●Sentence: The company achieved unprecedented success with its latest product launch, surpassing all previous sales records.

●Stricken: ● Meaning: Seriously affected by an undesirable condition or unpleasant feeling. ●Synonyms: Afflicted, afflicted, distressed, afflicted. ●Antonyms: Healthy, unaffected, unaffected, unharmed. ●Sentence: The community was stricken with grief following the sudden loss of their beloved mayor.

●Go down: ● Meaning: Descending or moving to a lower position. ●Synonyms: Descend, drop, lower, sink. ●Antonyms: Ascend, rise, climb, elevate. ●Sentence: The sun began to go down, casting long shadows across the landscape.

●Cleric: ● Meaning: One who performs religious duties or functions. ●Synonyms: Priest, minister, clergyman, pastor. ●Antonyms: Layperson, non-cleric, secular, nonreligious. ●Sentence: The cleric presided over the wedding ceremony, delivering a heartfelt sermon to the newlyweds.

●Crackdown: ● Meaning: A series of strict or severe measures or actions taken by authorities to enforce laws. ●Synonyms: Clampdown, suppression, repression, enforcement. ●Antonyms: Leniency, tolerance, relaxation, permissiveness. ●Sentence: The government launched a crackdown on illegal drug trafficking, leading to numerous arrests and seizures.

●Doubled down: ● Meaning: To reinforce one's commitment or determination. ●Synonyms: Strengthened, fortified, intensified, reaffirmed. ●Antonyms: Weakened, compromised, abandoned, relinquished. ●Sentence: Despite facing criticism, the politician doubled down on his controversial stance, refusing to back down.

●Battered: ● Meaning: Damaged, beaten. ●Synonyms: Bruised, damaged, beaten, abused. ●Antonyms: Intact, undamaged, unharmed, pristine. ●Sentence: The old car was battered and worn, showing signs of its years of use.

●On fire: ● Meaning: To be highly successful. ●Synonyms: Thriving, flourishing, successful, triumphant. ●Antonyms: Struggling, failing, declining, faltering. ●Sentence: The young entrepreneur's business was on fire, experiencing rapid growth and expansion.

●Consulate: ● Meaning: An official building or office of a government in a foreign city. ●Synonyms: Embassy, mission, diplomatic office, representation. ●Antonyms: None. ●Sentence: The American consulate in Paris provides assistance to citizens living or traveling in France.

●Alienation: ● Meaning: The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or society. ●Synonyms: Estrangement, isolation, detachment, separation. ●Antonyms: Inclusion, integration, acceptance, belonging. ●Sentence: His constant criticism led to a sense of alienation from his colleagues.

●Contestation: ● Meaning: The action of competing for something. ●Synonyms: Competition, rivalry, contention, challenge. ●Antonyms: Cooperation, collaboration, agreement, concord. ●Sentence: The contestation for the championship title was fierce and intense

●Enshrined: ● Meaning: To preserve or cherish as sacred. ●Synonyms: Preserve, cherish, treasure, safeguard. ●Antonyms: Neglect, disregard, abandon, desecrate. ●Sentence: The values of honesty and integrity are enshrined in the company's code of conduct

●Amends: ● Meaning: Compensation for a loss or injury; making up for a wrongdoing. ●Synonyms: Compensation, restitution, reparation, apology. ●Antonyms: Offense, harm, injury, wrongdoing. ●Sentence: He offered to make amends for his mistake by apologizing and rectifying the situation.

Morass: ● Meaning: A complicated or confused situation; a tangled or confusing mass or situation. ●Synonyms: Quagmire, swamp, labyrinth, maze. ●Antonyms: Clarity, simplicity, straightforwardness, order. ●Sentence: The negotiations turned into a morass of conflicting interests and demands.

●Salubrious: ● Meaning: Favorable to or promoting health or well-being. ●Synonyms: Healthy, beneficial, wholesome, invigorating. ●Antonyms: Unhealthy, harmful, detrimental, noxious. ●Sentence: The mountain air was salubrious, refreshing both the body and mind.

●Unambiguous: ● Meaning: Clear and not open to interpretation; not ambiguous. ●Synonyms: Clear, explicit, definite, unequivocal. ●Antonyms: Ambiguous, unclear, vague, uncertain. ●Sentence: His instructions were unambiguous, leaving no room for misunderstanding.

●Endorsing: ● Meaning: Supporting or recommending. ●Synonyms: Supporting, advocating, promoting, approving. ●Antonyms: Opposing, condemning, disapproving, rejecting. ●Sentence: The celebrity endorsement significantly boosted sales for the new product.

● Heavyweight: ● Meaning: Significant or important. ●Synonyms: Influential, prominent, major, significant. ●Antonyms: Insignificant, minor, lightweight, trivial. ●Sentence: The heavyweight boxer dominated the ring with his powerful punches.

●Battleground: ● Meaning: An area where a conflict or competition is taking place. ●Synonyms: Battlefield, arena, field of battle, combat zone. ●Antonyms: Peaceful area, safe zone, neutral ground. ●Sentence: The political arena became a battleground for competing ideologies.

●Splintering: ● Meaning: Breaking or dividing into smaller groups or factions. ●Synonyms: Fragmenting, fracturing, splitting, dividing. ●Antonyms: Unifying, consolidating, integrating, combining. ●Sentence: The party splintered into rival factions after the leadership dispute

●Apathy: ● Meaning: Lack of interest or enthusiasm. ●Synonyms: Indifference, lethargy, passivity, disinterest. ●Antonyms: Enthusiasm, passion, interest, engagement. ●Sentence: The voter turnout was low due to widespread apathy towards the political process.

Correlation: ● Meaning: A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. ●Synonyms: Connection, association, relationship, link. ●Antonyms: Disconnection, dissociation, unrelatedness, independence. ●Sentence: There is a strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer

●Consecration: ● Meaning: The act of making something sacred or holy. ●Synonyms: Sanctification, dedication, blessing, hallowing. ●Antonyms: Desecration, profanation, sacrilege, violation. ●Sentence: The bishop performed the consecration ceremony for the new church.

Relentless: ● Meaning: Persistent or unyielding. ●Synonyms: Determined, persevering, tenacious, relentless. ●Antonyms: Indifferent, lax, slack, yielding. ●Sentence: Despite numerous setbacks, she remained relentless in her pursuit of success.

●Formidable: ● Meaning: Inspiring fear or respect due to being impressive or powerful. ●Synonyms: Intimidating, imposing, formidable, impressive. ●Antonyms: Unimposing, unthreatening, insignificant, feeble. ●Sentence: The army faced a formidable opponent on the battlefield.

●Taoiseach: ● Meaning: The Prime Minister of Ireland. ●Synonyms: Prime Minister, head of government. ●Antonyms: None. ●Sentence: The Taoiseach addressed the nation to announce new policies aimed at economic recovery.

●Prosecutor: ● Meaning: A legal official who accuses someone of committing a crime, especially in a court of law. ●Synonyms: District attorney, attorney general, state's attorney. ●Antonyms: Defender, defense attorney, defense lawyer. ●Sentence: The prosecutor presented compelling evidence against the defendant during the trial.

 ●Genocide: ● Meaning: The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group. ●Synonyms: Mass murder, ethnic cleansing, extermination. ●Antonyms: None. ●Sentence: The international community condemned the genocide perpetrated by the regime against minority groups.

●Symbolic: ● Meaning: Serving as a symbol, representing something else. ●Synonyms: Emblematic, representative, figurative, metaphorical. ●Antonyms: Literal, actual, concrete, real. ●Sentence: The dove is often seen as a symbolic representation of peace.

● Moderate: ● Meaning: Avoiding extremes; average. ●Synonyms: Temperate, mild, reasonable, balanced. ●Antonyms: Extreme, excessive, radical, immoderate. ●Sentence: She adopted a moderate approach to dieting, allowing herself occasional treats in moderation.

Protracted: ● Meaning: Lasting for a long time or longer than expected. ●Synonyms: Prolonged, extended, drawn-out, lengthy. ●Antonyms: Brief, short, fleeting, transient. ●Sentence: The negotiations became protracted as both sides refused to compromise.

●Dressing down: ● Meaning: A severe reprimand or scolding. ●Synonyms: Rebuke, chastisement, admonishment, reprimand. ●Antonyms: Praise, commendation, approval, accolade. ●Sentence: The manager gave him a dressing down for arriving late to work for the third time that week.

Isolation: ● Meaning: The process or fact of being alone or separated from others. ●Synonyms: Solitude, seclusion, loneliness, separation. ●Antonyms: Inclusion, integration, companionship, togetherness. ●Sentence: The prisoner endured years of isolation in solitary confinement.

● Humanitarian: ● Meaning: Concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare. ●Synonyms: Charitable, philanthropic, altruistic, compassionate. ●Antonyms: Selfish, indifferent, inhumane, uncompassionate. ●Sentence: She devoted her life to humanitarian work, providing aid to refugees in war-torn regions.

●Sympathy: ● Meaning: Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune. ●Synonyms: Compassion, empathy, understanding, commiseration. ●Antonyms: Indifference, apathy, callousness, insensitivity. ●Sentence: The community showed great sympathy for the family who lost their home in the fire.

●Surplus: ● Meaning: An amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess. ●Synonyms: Excess, abundance, extra, leftover. ●Antonyms: Shortage, deficiency, scarcity, lack. ●Sentence: The surplus of food from the harvest was distributed to local food banks.

●Prudent: ● Meaning: Acting with or showing care and thought for the future. ●Synonyms: Wise, sensible, judicious, cautious. ●Antonyms: Reckless, careless, imprudent, foolish. ●Sentence: It is prudent to save money for unexpected expenses.

●Elbow room: ● Meaning: Sufficient space to move or act freely. ●Synonyms: Space, freedom, leeway, maneuverability. ●Antonyms: Constraint, confinement, restriction, limitation. ●Sentence: The spacious living room provided plenty of elbow room for guests.

●Pencilled: ● Meaning: Noted or planned tentatively. ●Synonyms: Noted, outlined, sketched, drafted. ●Antonyms: Finalized, confirmed, decided, inked. ●Sentence: The meeting was pencilled in for next Tuesday, but it may be subject to change.

●Provisioning: ● Meaning: The action of providing or supplying something for use. ●Synonyms: Supplying, furnishing, equipping, stocking. ●Antonyms: Depriving, withholding, limiting, restricting. ●Sentence: The provisioning of emergency supplies was essential for the survival of the expedition.

Contingent: ● Meaning: Subject to chance; dependent on. ●Synonyms: Dependent, conditional, reliant, subject. ●Antonyms: Independent, certain, definite, unconditional. ●Sentence: Our plans for the outdoor event are contingent upon the weather forecast.

Bountiful: ● Meaning: Large in quantity; abundant. ●Synonyms: Generous, plentiful, ample, copious. ●Antonyms: Scant, meager, sparse, insufficient. ●Sentence: The bountiful harvest ensured food security for the entire community.

●Bonanza: ● Meaning: A situation or event that creates a sudden increase in wealth, good fortune, or profits. ●Synonyms: Windfall, jackpot, boon, stroke of luck. ●Antonyms: Misfortune, setback, loss, failure. ●Sentence: The discovery of oil led to a bonanza for the local economy.

●Fiscal: ● Meaning: Relating to government revenue, especially taxes. ●Synonyms: Financial, economic, monetary, budgetary. ●Antonyms: Nonfinancial, nonmonetary, nonbudgetary. ●Sentence: The fiscal policy aims to balance government spending and revenue.

●Consolidation: ● Meaning: The action or process of making something stronger or more solid. ●Synonyms: Strengthening, reinforcement, solidification, integration. ●Antonyms: Disintegration, fragmentation, weakening, dispersal. ●Sentence: The merger resulted in the consolidation of two companies into one

●Penultimate: ● Meaning: Second to last. ●Synonyms: Next-to-last, second-to-last, preceding the last. ●Antonyms: First, initial, primary, beginning. ●Sentence: The penultimate chapter of the book revealed a shocking plot twist.

●Sporadic: ● Meaning: Occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered or isolated. ●Synonyms: Infrequent, occasional, irregular, random. ●Antonyms: Regular, constant, continuous, consistent. ●Sentence: The sporadic rainfall did little to alleviate the drought conditions in the region.

●Turnout: ● Meaning: The number of people who participate in or attend an event. ●Synonyms: Attendance, showing, participation, audience. ●Antonyms: Absence, nonattendance, noshow, boycott. ●Sentence: The turnout for the concert was disappointing despite extensive promotion.

●Apathy: ● Meaning: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. ●Synonyms: Indifference, passivity, lethargy, unconcern. ●Antonyms: Interest, enthusiasm, concern, passion. ●Sentence: Voter apathy was evident in the low turnout for the election.

●Searing: ● Meaning: Extremely hot or intense. ●Synonyms: Scorching, burning, blistering, seething. ●Antonyms: Mild, cool, gentle, soothing. ●Sentence: The searing heat of the desert sun made walking unbearable.

●Absolute: ● Meaning: Not qualified or diminished in any way; total. ●Synonyms: Complete, total, utter, unconditional. ●Antonyms: Partial, relative, conditional, qualified. ●Sentence: The dictator wielded absolute power over the country.

●Insinuating: ● Meaning: Suggesting or hinting something bad in an indirect and unpleasant way. ●Synonyms: Suggestive, implying, hinting, alluding. ●Antonyms: Direct, straightforward, explicit, clear. ●Sentence: His insinuating remarks about her character offended her deeply.

Vitiate: ● Meaning: Spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of. ●Synonyms: Corrupt, contaminate, tarnish, undermine. ●Antonyms: Improve, enhance, purify, strengthen. ●Sentence: The presence of counterfeit products will vitiate the reputation of the brand.

●Behoves: ● Meaning: It is appropriate or suitable; it befits. ●Synonyms: Befits, suits, is fitting, is appropriate. ●Antonyms: Misfits, unsuitable, inappropriate, does not befit. ●Sentence: It behoves us to act responsibly in times of crisis.

●Robust: ● Meaning: Strong and healthy; vigorous. ●Synonyms: Healthy, vigorous, strong, sturdy. ●Antonyms: Weak, frail, feeble, delicate. ●Sentence: Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining a robust immune system.

●Etched: ● Meaning: Engraved or carved into a surface. ●Synonyms: Engraved, inscribed, incised, carved. ●Antonyms: Smoothed, erased, obliterated, effaced. ●Sentence: The artist's name was etched into the bottom corner of the painting.

●Protagonists: ● Meaning: The main characters in a film, play, novel, etc. ●Synonyms: Main characters, leading roles, central figures, heroes/heroines. ●Antonyms: Antagonists, supporting characters, minor roles. ●Sentence: The protagonists of the story embark on a quest to save their kingdom from darkness.

Trilingual: ● Meaning: Involving three languages. ●Synonyms: Multilingual, polyglot, fluent in three languages. ●Antonyms: Monolingual, unilingual, bilingual. ●Sentence: Growing up in a multicultural environment, she became trilingual at a young age.

●Eschewing: ● Meaning: Deliberately avoiding or abstaining from. ●Synonyms: Avoiding, shunning, abstaining from, refraining from. ●Antonyms: Embracing, adopting, accepting, welcoming. ●Sentence: He prided himself on eschewing modern technology in favor of a simpler lifestyle.

●Trope: ● Meaning: A common or overused theme or device. ●Synonyms: Cliché, motif, convention, stereotype. ●Antonyms: Originality, innovation, uniqueness, deviation. ●Sentence: The film relied heavily on the trope of the hero's journey to structure its narrative.

●Solidarity: ● Meaning: Unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest. ●Synonyms: Unity, cohesion, camaraderie, support. ●Antonyms: Division, discord, disunity, conflict. ●Sentence: The workers showed solidarity by going on strike to demand fair wages.

●Inclusivity: ● Meaning: The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized. ●Synonyms: Inclusion, diversity, accessibility, acceptance. ●Antonyms: Exclusivity, discrimination, marginalization, segregation. ●Sentence: The company promotes inclusivity by actively recruiting candidates from diverse backgrounds.

●Effusive: ● Meaning: Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner. ●Synonyms: Gushing, enthusiastic, unrestrained, overflowing. ●Antonyms: Reserved, restrained, subdued, unenthusiastic. ●Sentence: She received effusive praise for her performance in the school play.

●Run-in: ● Meaning: A disagreement or fight with someone. ●Synonyms: Argument, altercation, conflict, clash. ●Antonyms: Agreement, harmony, peace, reconciliation. ●Sentence: He had a run-in with his neighbor over the property line.

Dampening: ● Meaning: Making something less strong or intense. ●Synonyms: Diminishing, reducing, weakening, moderating. ●Antonyms: Enhancing, intensifying, strengthening, amplifying. ●Sentence: The rainy weather was dampening our enthusiasm for the outdoor picnic.

Delimitation: ● Meaning: The act of setting limits or boundaries. ●Synonyms: Limitation, demarcation, restriction, boundary. ●Antonyms: Expansion, broadening, liberation, freedom. ●Sentence: The delimitation of the national park's boundaries was crucial for conservation efforts.

●Bump: ● Meaning: A sudden increase. ●Synonyms: Spike, rise, surge, upturn. ●Antonyms: Decrease, decline, drop, decrease. ●Sentence: There was a bump in sales following the release of the new product.

●Dramatically: ● Meaning: In a very noticeable or significant way. ●Synonyms: Significantly, markedly, strikingly, notably. ●Antonyms: Insignificantly, negligibly, unnoticeably, subtly. ●Sentence: The company's profits increased dramatically after implementing the new marketing strategy

●Apathy: ● Meaning: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. ●Synonyms: Indifference, passivity, lethargy, unconcern. ●Antonyms: Interest, enthusiasm, concern, passion. ●Sentence: Voter apathy was evident in the low turnout for the election.

●Undermine: ● Meaning: Erode the base or foundation of something. ●Synonyms: Weaken, sabotage, subvert, undercut. ●Antonyms: Strengthen, support, reinforce, bolster. ●Sentence: Constant criticism can undermine confidence and morale in the workplace.

●Electorate: ● Meaning: All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election. ●Synonyms: Voters, citizenry, constituency, electorate. ●Antonyms: None. ●Sentence: The candidates campaigned vigorously to win over the electorate.

●Fray: ● Meaning: A situation of intense activity or contest, typically involving aggression or competition. ●Synonyms: Battle, skirmish, conflict, confrontation. ●Antonyms: Peace, calm, tranquility, harmony. ●Sentence: The political fray heated up as the election approached.

●Enthusiasm: ● Meaning: Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. ●Synonyms: Eagerness, passion, zeal, fervor. ●Antonyms: Apathy, indifference, lethargy, disinterest. ●Sentence: Her enthusiasm for the project was infectious, motivating the team to work harder.

●Eligible: ● Meaning: Having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions. ●Synonyms: Qualified, entitled, suitable, eligible. ●Antonyms: Ineligible, disqualified, unsuitable, unqualified. ●Sentence: Only those who meet the eligibility criteria can apply for the scholarship.

●Insidious: ● Meaning: Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects. ●Synonyms: Stealthy, cunning, deceitful, treacherous. ●Antonyms: Obvious, overt, straightforward, transparent. ●Sentence: The insidious spread of misinformation can have damaging consequences on public opinion.

●Recommendatory: ● Meaning: Serving as a recommendation rather than a mandatory rule. ●Synonyms: Advisory, suggestive, optional, non-compulsory. ●Antonyms: Mandatory, compulsory, required, obligatory. ●Sentence: The guidelines are recommendatory rather than enforceable by law.

●Pervasive: ● Meaning: Spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people. ●Synonyms: Prevalent, widespread, ubiquitous, extensive. ●Antonyms: Limited, rare, isolated, confined. ●Sentence: The pervasive influence of social media shapes our daily lives in numerous ways.

●Revamp: ● Meaning: Give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to. ●Synonyms: Overhaul, renovate, remodel, refurbish. ●Antonyms: Deteriorate, worsen, degrade, neglect. ●Sentence: The company decided to revamp its website to attract more customers.

● Manifold: ● Meaning: Many and various. ●Synonyms: Numerous, multiple, diverse, varied. ●Antonyms: Few, singular, limited, uniform. ●Sentence: The benefits of exercise are manifold, ranging from improved physical health to mental well-being.

●Appalling: ● Meaning: Causing shock or dismay; horrific. ●Synonyms: Horrifying, shocking, dreadful, horrifying. ●Antonyms: Pleasant, comforting, satisfactory, delightful. ●Sentence: The appalling conditions in the refugee camps shocked the international community.

●Belatedly: ● Meaning: Later than should have been the case. ●Synonyms: Delayed, tardily, overdue, behind schedule. ●Antonyms: Promptly, punctually, timely, early. ●Sentence: She apologized belatedly for forgetting her friend's birthday.

●Synchronisation: ● Meaning: The operation or activity of two or more things at the same time or rate. ●Synonyms: Coordination, alignment, simultaneous action. ●Antonyms: Desynchronization, asynchronization, lack of coordination. ●Sentence: The dancers performed in perfect synchronization, creating a mesmerizing display of movement.

●Thermistor: ● Meaning: A type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature, used especially in temperature sensing. ●Synonyms: Temperature sensor, thermal resistor. ●Antonyms: None. ●Sentence: The thermistor in the thermostat detects changes in temperature and adjusts the heating accordingly.

●Scorching: ● Meaning: Extremely hot. ●Synonyms: Searing, blistering, burning, sweltering. ●Antonyms: Cold, cool, chilly, freezing. ●Sentence: The scorching heat of the desert made it difficult to walk outside.

●Ventilation: ● Meaning: The provision of fresh air to a room, building, etc. ●Synonyms: Air circulation, airing, airing out, freshening. ●Antonyms: Stagnation, stillness, suffocation, lack of ventilation. ●Sentence: Proper ventilation is essential to maintain good indoor air quality.

●Anomalous: ● Meaning: Deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected. ●Synonyms: Abnormal, irregular, unusual, atypical. ●Antonyms: Typical, normal, standard, conventional. ●Sentence: The anomalous behavior of the machine puzzled the engineers.

●Interstate: ● Meaning: Existing or carried on between states. ●Synonyms: Intercity, cross-border, interprovincial. ●Antonyms: Intrastate, local, domestic. ●Sentence: The interstate highway system facilitates travel between different states.

●Empowered: ● Meaning: Given the authority or power to do something. ●Synonyms: Authorized, enabled, entitled, invested. ●Antonyms: Disempowered, incapacitated, restricted, limited. ●Sentence: The new laws empowered citizens to hold their elected officials accountable.

Tampering: ● Meaning: Interfering with something in order to cause damage or make unauthorized alterations. ●Synonyms: Meddling, interfering, sabotaging, meddling. ●Antonyms: Respecting, leaving alone, preserving, respecting. ●Sentence: The security footage showed evidence of someone tampering with the electronic locks.

●Scrutinize: ● Meaning: Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly. ●Synonyms: Examine, inspect, study, analyze. ●Antonyms: Glance, skim, overlook, neglect. ●Sentence: The accountant scrutinized the financial records for any discrepancies.

●Incentivize: ● Meaning: Provide someone with an incentive for doing something. ●Synonyms: Motivate, encourage, stimulate, reward. ●Antonyms: Discourage, demotivate, disincentivize, dissuade. ●Sentence: The company offers bonuses to incentivize employees to meet their sales targets.

●Ambient: ● Meaning: Relating to the immediate surroundings of something. ●Synonyms: Surrounding, encompassing, surrounding. ●Antonyms: Distant, remote, isolated. ●Sentence: The ambient temperature in the room was comfortable, thanks to the air conditioning

●Felon ● Meaning: A person who has been convicted of a serious crime. ●Synonyms: Criminal, offender, convict, lawbreaker. ●Antonyms: Law-abider, innocent, upright citizen. ●Usage: The felon was sentenced to ten years in prison for his crimes

●Jury ● Meaning: A group of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case based on the evidence presented. ●Synonyms: Panel, tribunal, judge. ●Antonyms: Defendant, accused. ●Usage: The jury deliberated for hours before reaching a unanimous decision

●Conviction ● Meaning: A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense. ●Synonyms: Verdict, sentence, judgement, condemnation. ●Antonyms: Acquittal, exoneration, absolution. ●Usage: Her conviction was upheld by the appellate court.

●Falsifying ● Meaning: Altering information or documents with the intent to deceive. ●Synonyms: Forging, doctoring, fabricating, manipulating. ●Antonyms: Authenticating, verifying, confirming. ●Usage: He was caught falsifying records to cover up his embezzlement.

●Reimbursement ● Meaning: Repayment for expenses or losses incurred. ●Synonyms: Refund, compensation, repayment, restitution. ●Antonyms: Debt, loss, forfeiture. ●Usage: She received reimbursement for her travel expenses

Sentencing Meaning: The declaration of the punishment decided for an offender. Synonyms: Punishment, judgment, penalty, decree. Antonyms: Pardon, acquittal, release. Usage: The judge will be sentencing the convicted felon next week.

Polarizing Meaning: Causing division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs. Synonyms: Divisive, contentious, controversial, discordant. Antonyms: Unifying, conciliatory, harmonizing. Usage: His polarizing remarks split the community into two opposing factions.

Embattled Meaning: Involved in or prepared for a conflict. Synonyms: Besieged, beleaguered, troubled, surrounded. Antonyms: Untroubled, calm, peaceful. Usage: The embattled mayor faced criticism from all sides.

Presumptive Meaning: Based on probability or presumption; likely to be. Synonyms: Assumed, probable, likely, supposed. Antonyms: Certain, definite, sure. Usage: He is the presumptive nominee for the upcoming election.

Amendment Meaning: A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc. Synonyms: Revision, modification, alteration, adjustment. Antonyms: Worsening, deterioration, preservation. Usage: The constitution was updated with a new amendment.

Curtains coming down Meaning: The end of an event or activity. Synonyms: Conclusion, finale, cessation. Antonyms: Beginning, commencement, start. Usage: The curtains coming down on the project marked the end of months of hard work.

Take stock Meaning: To review or assess a situation. Synonyms: Evaluate, assess, review. Antonyms: Ignore, neglect. Usage: After the campaign, the team took stock of their achievements and setbacks.

Revisiting Meaning: Examining or considering again. Synonyms: Reevaluating, reexamining, reconsidering. Antonyms: Ignoring, overlooking. Usage: The committee is revisiting the policy to ensure it meets current needs.

Rhetoric Meaning: Persuasive or impactful speech. Synonyms: Oratory, eloquence, discourse. Antonyms: Silence, inarticulateness. Usage: The politician's rhetoric was effective in rallying support.

Ratchet up Meaning: To increase or escalate. Synonyms: Intensify, amplify, escalate. Antonyms: Decrease, reduce, diminish. Usage: The company decided to ratchet up production to meet the rising demand.

Pejoratively Meaning: In a disapproving or derogatory manner. Synonyms: Disparagingly, negatively, derogatorily. Antonyms: Positively, approvingly, complimentary. Usage: The term was used pejoratively to demean the opponent

Proclaimed Meaning: Announced publicly or officially. Synonyms: Declared, announced, pronounced. Antonyms: Concealed, withheld, hidden. Usage: The leader proclaimed the new policy changes in a press conference.

Transgress Meaning: To violate a law or command. Synonyms: Offend, sin, infringe. Antonyms: Comply, obey, conform. Usage: Those who transgress the rules will face severe consequences.

Raised eyebrows Meaning: To cause surprise or disapproval. Synonyms: Surprised, shocked, astonished. Antonyms: Expected, anticipated. Usage: His decision to quit the job raised eyebrows among his colleagues.

Raking up Meaning: To bring up something unpleasant. Synonyms: Digging up, dredging up, reviving. Antonyms: Burying, forgetting, ignoring. Usage: Raking up old arguments will not help resolve the current issue.

Bipartisanship Meaning: Agreement or cooperation between two political parties. Synonyms: Cooperation, collaboration, unity. Antonyms: Partisanship, division, opposition. Usage: Bipartisanship is essential for passing major legislation.

Deployment Meaning: The movement or positioning of forces or resources. Synonyms: Positioning, stationing, arrangement. Antonyms: Withdrawal, retraction. Usage: The deployment of additional troops was ordered to ensure security.

Hustings Meaning: The process of campaigning for election. Synonyms: Campaigning, canvassing, electioneering. Antonyms: Apathy, disengagement. Usage: The candidates are out on the hustings, trying to win votes.

Dust settles Meaning: When a situation becomes clear after a period of confusion or chaos. Synonyms: Clarity, calm, resolution. Antonyms: Turmoil, confusion, chaos. Usage: Once the dust settles, we will have a better understanding of the outcome.

Propaganda Meaning: Biased information used to promote a political cause or point of view. Synonyms: Disinformation, publicity, indoctrination. Antonyms: Truth, accuracy, impartiality. Usage: The regime used propaganda to manipulate public opinion

Unambiguous Meaning: Clear and precise; leaving no room for confusion or doubt. Synonyms: Clear, explicit, unequivocal. Antonyms: Ambiguous, unclear, vague. Usage: The instructions were unambiguous, making the assembly process easy to follow.

Reiteration Meaning: The act of repeating something, typically for emphasis or clarity. Synonyms: Repetition, restatement, reaffirmation. Antonyms: Original statement, single instance. Usage: The teacher's reiteration of the key concepts helped the students understand the material better.

Tally Meaning: A current score or amount. Synonyms: Count, total, sum. Antonyms: Estimate, guess. Usage: The final tally showed that the team had raised over $10,000 for the charity.

Mobilisation Meaning: The act of organizing or preparing people for a purpose or action. Synonyms: Organization, assembly, rallying. Antonyms: Demobilization, dispersal. Usage: The rapid mobilisation of volunteers was crucial in the disaster relief efforts.

Accountable Meaning: Required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible. Synonyms: Responsible, answerable, liable. Antonyms: Unaccountable, irresponsible. Usage: The manager is accountable for the performance of his team.

Conciliatory Meaning: Intended or likely to placate or pacify; making peace. Synonyms: Pacifying, appeasing, mollifying. Antonyms: Confrontational, antagonistic, hostile. Usage: The diplomat's conciliatory approach helped ease tensions between the two countries.

Clamour Meaning: A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting vehemently. Synonyms: Uproar, commotion, outcry. Antonyms: Silence, quiet, calm. Usage: The clamour of the protesters could be heard from blocks away.

Fortress Meaning: A heavily protected and impenetrable building or place. Synonyms: Stronghold, bastion, citadel. Antonyms: Unprotected area, weak spot. Usage: The castle was built as a fortress to defend against invaders

Irregular Synonym: Unusual, abnormal, atypical Antonym: Regular, standard, normal Usage: The judge ruled the contract void due to irregular practices during its formation.

Dissect Synonym: Analyze, examine, scrutinize Antonym: Ignore, overlook, neglect Usage: The scientist took great care to dissect the specimen for a detailed study

Bizarre Synonym: Strange, odd, peculiar Antonym: Normal, usual, conventional Usage: The movie's plot was so bizarre that it left the audience bewildered

Irrelevant Synonym: Unrelated, extraneous, immaterial Antonym: Relevant, pertinent, appropriate Usage: The lawyer's argument was dismissed as irrelevant to the case

Override Synonym: Overrule, cancel, annul Antonym: Uphold, ratify, validate Usage: The manager decided to override the initial decision and approve the new proposal.

Counsel Synonym: Advice, guidance, attorneys Antonym: Misinformation, misguidance, clients Usage: The defendant sought the counsel of an experienced attorney for his trial.

Mandatory Synonym: Compulsory, obligatory, required Antonym: Optional, voluntary, elective Usage: Wearing a seatbelt is mandatory while driving.

Justifications Synonym: Reasons, explanations, defenses Antonym: Excuses, denials, objections Usage: The committee provided detailed justifications for the budget increase.

Salutary Synonym: Beneficial, advantageous, constructive Antonym: Harmful, detrimental, adverse Usage: The failure of the project served as a salutary lesson for the team.

Scrutinized Synonym: Examined, inspected, reviewed Antonym: Glanced, skimmed, ignored Usage: The auditors scrutinized the financial records for any discrepancies.

Impose Synonym: Enforce, dictate, mandate Antonym: Lift, withdraw, abolish Usage: The government decided to impose new taxes to boost revenue.

Secular Synonym: Non-religious, worldly, temporal Antonym: Religious, sacred, spiritual Usage: The country has a secular constitution that separates religion from state affairs.

Superfluous Synonym: Unnecessary, excessive, redundant Antonym: Essential, necessary, required Usage: The report was full of superfluous details that could have been omitted.

Solemnizing Synonym: Performing, officiating, celebrating Antonym: Annulment, dissolution, invalidating Usage: The priest was responsible for solemnizing the marriage ceremony.

Privileges Synonym: Advantages, rights, benefits Antonym: Disadvantages, penalties, restrictions Usage: Members of the club enjoy various privileges, including access to the private lounge.

Effusive Meaning: Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner. Synonyms: Gushing, unreserved, demonstrative, enthusiastic, exuberant Antonyms: Restrained, reserved, apathetic, indifferent Usage: The award winner gave an effusive speech, thanking everyone who had supported her.

Conciliatory Meaning: Intended or likely to placate or pacify. Synonyms: Placatory, appeasing, pacifying, peacemaking, mollifying Antonyms: Antagonistic, defiant, hostile, confrontational Usage: The manager's conciliatory approach helped to resolve the conflict between the employees.

Caveat Meaning: A warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations. Synonyms: Warning, caution, admonition, stipulation, condition Antonyms: Approval, sanction, encouragement, endorsement Usage: The contract included a caveat that the work must be completed within six months.

Coalition Meaning: An alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties. Synonyms: Alliance, union, partnership, bloc, federation Antonyms: Disunion, division, separation, opposition Usage: The coalition government was formed to address the pressing issues that no single party could tackle alone.

Unanimity Meaning: Agreement by all people involved; consensus. Synonyms: Consensus, accord, agreement, harmony, concurrence Antonyms: Disagreement, discord, conflict, dissent Usage: The committee reached unanimity on the decision to implement the new policy.

Erosion Meaning: The process of gradually wearing away. Synonyms: Wearing away, degradation, deterioration, attrition, corrosion Antonyms: Buildup, accumulation, strengthening, preservation Usage: The constant erosion of trust in the government has led to widespread public discontent.

Consultations Meaning: Discussions aimed at gaining advice or opinions. Synonyms: Discussions, deliberations, conferences, meetings, talks Antonyms: Silence, ignorance, neglect, disregard Usage: The company held several consultations with stakeholders before finalizing the project plan

Footprint Meaning: The impact or effect of something. Synonyms: Impact, effect, influence, mark, presence Antonyms: Absence, neglect, insignificance, void Usage: The new manufacturing plant left a significant environmental footprint in the region.

Mandate Meaning: An official order or commission to do something; the authority granted by a constituency to act as its representative. Synonyms: Authority, commission, directive, command, instruction Antonyms: Refusal, denial, veto, disapproval Usage: The newly elected government received a strong mandate from the voters to implement its policies.

Populism: Political approach aiming to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. Synonyms: Demagogy, popularism Antonyms: Elitism, aristocracy Usage: Obrador's populism included cash handouts for the elderly.

Rejuvenation: The action of making something look or feel better, younger, or more vital. Synonyms: Revitalization, renewal Antonyms: Decline, deterioration Usage: Morena stands for the Movement of National Rejuvenation.

Jeopardising: Putting something in danger of loss or harm. Synonyms: Endangering, risking Antonyms: Securing, safeguarding Usage: Obrador implemented social programs without jeopardising economic stability.

Pragmatic: Dealing with things sensibly and realistically based on practical considerations. Synonyms: Practical, realistic Antonyms: Idealistic, impractical Usage: Obrador adopted a pragmatic approach to governance

Supermajority: A requirement for a proposal to gain a higher level of support than a simple 50%+1 majority. Synonyms: Qualified majority, enhanced majority Antonyms: Simple majority, minority Usage: Morena secured a supermajority in Parliament

Welfarism: The principles or practices of a welfare state, where the government plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens. Synonyms: Social security, welfare state Antonyms: Laissez-faire, capitalism Usage: Sheinbaum aims to enhance Obrador's welfarism with stronger social democracy

Reforestation: The process of replanting an area with trees. Synonyms: Afforestation, tree planting Antonyms: Deforestation, clear-cutting Usage: Obrador launched reforestation grants in rural areas.

Dissent: The expression or holding of opinions at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially held. Synonyms: Disagreement, opposition Antonyms: Agreement, concurrence Usage: Obrador faced criticism for his intolerance towards dissent

● Notoriety ● Meaning: The state of being famous or well known for some bad quality or deed. ●Synonyms: Infamy, disrepute, ill fame ●Antonyms: Anonymity, obscurity, honor ●Usage: The politician gained notoriety for his involvement in the corruption scandal.

●Static ● Meaning: Lacking in movement, action, or change. ●Synonyms: Unchanging, still, stationary ●Antonyms: Dynamic, active, moving ●Usage: The static nature of the economy has led to widespread unemployment.

●Accumulates ● Meaning: Gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity. ●Synonyms: Collects, amasses, gathers ●Antonyms: Disperses, scatters, dissipates ●Usage: Over the years, he accumulated a vast collection of rare books.

●Mandated ●Meaning: Give (someone) authority to act in a certain way. ●Synonyms: Authorized, directed, commanded ●Antonyms: Forbidden, prohibited, disallowed ●Usage: The new policy was mandated by the government to improve public health.

●Chequered ●Meaning: Marked by periods of varied fortune or discreditable incidents. ●Synonyms: Varied, erratic, turbulent ●Antonyms: Unblemished, consistent, smooth ●Usage: His career has been chequered by both great successes and major failures.

●Egregious ● Meaning: Outstandingly bad; shocking. ●Synonyms: Appalling, atrocious, flagrant ●Antonyms: Minor, trivial, slight ●Usage: The company's egregious disregard for environmental regulations led to hefty fines.

●Proxies ● Meaning: A person authorized to act on behalf of another. ●Synonyms: Representatives, delegates, agents ●Antonyms: Principals, individuals ●Usage: She attended the meeting as a proxy for her boss.

●Premature ● Meaning: Occurring or done before the usual or proper time. ●Synonyms: Early, untimely, hasty ●Antonyms: Late, delayed, overdue ●Usage: The premature announcement caused a lot of confusion among the staff.

●Inaccuracies ● Meaning: The quality or state of being incorrect or wrong. ●Synonyms: Errors, mistakes, inaccuracies ●Antonyms: Accuracies, correctness, precision ●Usage: The report was full of inaccuracies and had to be revised.

● High-handedness ● Meaning: Using power or authority without considering the feelings of others. ●Synonyms: Authoritarianism, arrogance, imperiousness ●Antonyms: Humility, respectfulness, consideration ●Usage: The manager's high-handedness led to widespread dissatisfaction among the employees.

●Scrutiny ● Meaning: Critical observation or examination. ●Synonyms: Inspection, examination, analysis ●Antonyms: Neglect, disregard, overlook ●Usage: The company's financial records came under close scrutiny by the auditors.

Stagnating Meaning: Ceasing to develop, becoming inactive or dull. Synonyms: Idle, languishing, dormant. Antonyms: Flourishing, thriving, progressing. Usage: The stagnating popularity of Prime Minister Narendra Modi was noted in the survey.

Resilience Meaning: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. Synonyms: Endurance, fortitude, tenacity. Antonyms: Fragility, vulnerability, weakness. Usage: The resilience of regional parties contributed to the reduced majority of the NDA.

Rejuvenation Meaning: The action or process of making someone or something look or feel better, younger, or more vital. Synonyms: Revitalization, renewal, revival. Antonyms: Decline, degeneration, deterioration. Usage: The rejuvenation of the Congress party was a significant factor in the election results.

Marginalised Meaning: Treated as insignificant or peripheral. Synonyms: Disregarded, sidelined, excluded. Antonyms: Included, integrated, mainstreamed. Usage: Hindutva's appeal faded for marginalised sections in the Hindi heartland.

Electorate Meaning: All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election. Synonyms: Voters, constituents, populace. Antonyms: Nonvoters, disenfranchised. Usage: Unemployment and price rise were key issues for a majority of the electorate.

Romping Meaning: To play or run about happily. Synonyms: Frolic, skip, cavort. Antonyms: Struggle, trudge, plod. Usage: The BJP romped home with 303 seats in the previous Lok Sabha election.

Ascendance Meaning: Occupation of a position of dominant power or influence. Synonyms: Dominance, supremacy, ascendancy. Antonyms: Decline, subordination, descent. Usage: The BJP’s ascendance in Odisha and Telangana was noted.

Hindrance Meaning: A thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone. Synonyms: Obstacle, impediment, barrier. Antonyms: Aid, assistance, support. Usage: The NDA’s strong social coalition proved a hindrance in converting votes into more seats.

Centralising Meaning: Concentrating control of an activity or organization under a single authority. Synonyms: Consolidating, unifying, concentrating. Antonyms: Decentralizing, dispersing, diffusing. Usage: The opposition must offer a contrast to the centralising nature of the BJP.

Vacillations Meaning: Indecisive actions or behavior. Synonyms: Hesitations, fluctuations, wavering, irresolution. Antonyms: Decisiveness, determination, resolve, steadiness. Usage: The company’s vacillations over the new policy caused confusion among employees.

Drought Meaning: A long period without a win or success. Synonym: Dry spell, scarcity Antonym: Abundance, surplus Usage: India's long drought in ICC tournaments finally wound to a close on a glorious Saturday.

Gargantuan Meaning: Enormous, huge. Synonym: Immense, colossal Antonym: Tiny, minute Usage: Expectations thrust upon by a gargantuan fandom and an Indian diaspora.

Doughty Meaning: Brave and persistent. Synonym: Fearless, resolute Antonym: Cowardly, fearful Usage: Rohit Sharma’s men snatched a seven-run win over a doughty South African unit.

Stupendous Meaning: Extremely impressive. Synonym: Amazing, phenomenal Antonym: Ordinary, unimpressive Usage: Suryakumar Yadav pouched a stupendous catch.

Thunderbolts Meaning: Sudden and powerful actions or occurrences. Synonym: Strikes, blasts Antonym: Calms, lulls Usage: Jasprit Bumrah delivered thunderbolts that left the South Africans dumbstruck.

Capitulation Meaning: The action of surrendering. Synonym: Surrender, yield Antonym: Resistance, defiance Usage: Their capitulation was an acknowledgment of the superior attributes that Bumrah and company possessed.

Conducive Meaning: Making a certain situation or outcome likely. Synonym: Favorable, advantageous Antonym: Unfavorable, disadvantageous Usage: The pitches were never conducive for the massive sixes associated with T20Is

Eradicating Meaning: Completely removing or destroying something. Synonym: Eliminating, abolishing. Antonym: Preserving, maintaining. Usage: Scientists are focused on eradicating malaria from the continent.

Endemic Meaning: Regularly found and restricted to a particular area. Synonym: Native, local. Antonym: Foreign, non-native. Usage: Malaria is endemic to tropical regions.

Resurgence Meaning: An increase or revival after a period of little activity. Synonym: Revival, comeback. Antonym: Decline, wane. Usage: There has been a resurgence of interest in vinyl records.

Incidence Meaning: The occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease. Synonym: Occurrence, frequency. Antonym: Rarity, infrequency. Usage: The incidence of flu increases during winter.

Circulation Meaning: Movement to and fro or around something. Synonym: Flow, movement. Antonym: Stagnation, stillness. Usage: The circulation of blood is essential for life

Immunised Meaning: Having been made immune to a disease, typically through vaccination. Synonym: Vaccinated, inoculated. Antonym: Unvaccinated, susceptible. Usage: The children were immunised against measles.

Evicted Meaning: To expel someone from a property. Synonym: Expelled, removed. Antonym: Welcomed, admitted. Usage: The tenants were evicted for not paying rent.

Take a toll Meaning: To cause harm or suffering. Mount an aggressive critique Meaning: To launch a strong and forceful criticism. Cross swords Meaning: To have an argument or dispute. Heightened risk Meaning: An increased level of danger. Act as an effective restraint Meaning: To prevent or control something effectively

Rudimentary Meaning: Basic or undeveloped. Synonym: Elementary, Primitive Antonym: Advanced, Developed Usage Sentence: His understanding of the subject is still rudimentary and needs further development.

Echelons Meaning: A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society. Synonym: Rank, Tier Antonym: None (context-specific term) Usage Sentence: She quickly moved up the echelons of the company due to her hard work and dedication.

Supersede Meaning: To take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); to replace. Synonym: Replace, Succeed Antonym: Retain, Keep Usage Sentence: The new manager will supersede the previous one next month

Fraternity Meaning: A group of people sharing a common profession or interests. Synonym: Brotherhood, Association Antonym: Individual, Loneliness Usage Sentence: The medical fraternity gathered for the annual conference to discuss new advancements

Obscure Meaning: Not discovered or known about; uncertain. Synonym: Unclear, Unknown Antonym: Clear, Obvious Usage Sentence: The origins of the ancient manuscript remain obscure.

Tranches Meaning: Portions or segments of a larger amount or series. Synonym: Sections, Portions Antonym: Whole, Total Usage Sentence: The company released the funding in several tranches to ensure proper utilization.

Looming Meaning: Appearing as a shadowy form, especially one that is large or threatening. Synonym: Impending, Threatening Antonym: Distant, Remote Usage Sentence: There is a looming deadline that we must meet to complete the project on time.

Stampede Meaning: A sudden panicked rush of a number of people or animals. Synonym: Rush, panic Antonym: Calm, orderly movement Usage: The unexpected fire alarm caused a stampede in the auditorium.

Congregation Meaning: A gathering or collection of people, animals, or things. Synonym: Assembly, gathering Antonym: Dispersion, scattering Usage: The congregation at the church prayed for peace.

Vulnerable Meaning: Exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally. Synonym: Susceptible, defenseless Antonym: Protected, strong Usage: Children are particularly vulnerable to disease.

Solace Meaning: Comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness. Synonym: Comfort, consolation Antonym: Distress, anguish Usage: She found solace in her friends after the loss of her pet.

Proactive Meaning: Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. Synonym: Preemptive, anticipatory Antonym: Reactive, passive Usage: The company took a proactive approach to customer service.

Vigilant Meaning: Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties. Synonym: Watchful, alert Antonym: Negligent, inattentive Usage: The guards remained vigilant throughout the night.

Stringent Meaning: Strict, precise, and exacting. Synonym: Strict, rigorous Antonym: Lenient, flexible Usage: The school has stringent rules regarding uniform.

Compensation Meaning: Something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury. Synonym: Reparation, reimbursement Antonym: Penalty, forfeiture Usage: The company offered compensation for the damages caused.

Wherewithal Meaning: The means or resources necessary to do something. Synonym: Means, resources Antonym: Lack, deficiency Usage: He didn't have the wherewithal to buy a new car.

Searing Meaning: Extremely intense or severe. Synonym: Scorching, blistering. Antonym: Mild, gentle. Usage: The searing heat of the desert was unbearable.

Debutant Meaning: A person making their first appearance in a specific capacity or role. Synonym: Newcomer, novice. Antonym: Veteran, expert. Usage: The debutant actor received a standing ovation for his performance.

Substantial Meaning: Of considerable importance, size, or worth. Synonym: Significant, considerable. Antonym: Insignificant, trivial. Usage: The charity received a substantial donation from an anonymous benefactor.

Exacerbated Meaning: Made worse or more severe. Synonym: Aggravated, intensified. Antonym: Alleviated, mitigated. Usage: The heavy rain exacerbated the flooding in the area.

Albeit Meaning: Although; even though. Synonym: Though, even if. Antonym: However, yet. Usage: The project was completed on time, albeit with some difficulties.

Supplanted Meaning: Replaced or taken the place of. Synonym: Displaced, succeeded. Antonym: Retained, upheld. Usage: New technology has supplanted traditional methods of communication.

De facto Meaning: In fact, whether by right or not. Synonym: In practice, actual. Antonym: De jure, official. Usage: He became the de facto leader of the group after the former leader stepped down.

Transpired Meaning: Occurred or happened. Synonym: Happened, ensued. Antonym: Ceased, halted. Usage: It transpired that the meeting had been postponed.

Bluster Meaning: Loud, aggressive, or indignant talk with little effect. Synonym: Rant, braggadocio. Antonym: Silence, humility. Usage: His bluster did nothing to resolve the situation.

Onslaught Meaning: A fierce or destructive attack. Synonym: Assault, attack Antonym: Defense, protection Usage: The onslaught of criticism left the politician shaken.

Provisional Meaning: Arranged or existing for the present, possibly to be changed later. Synonym: Temporary, interim Antonym: Permanent, definite Usage: The committee made a provisional decision to be reviewed next month.

Decelerated Meaning: Reduced the speed or rate of something. Synonym: Slowed down, decreased Antonym: Accelerated, increased Usage: The car decelerated as it approached the traffic light.

Contraction Meaning: The process of becoming smaller. Synonym: Reduction, shrinking Antonym: Expansion, growth Usage: The contraction of the economy was evident in the reduced consumer spending.

Infirmity Meaning: Physical or mental weakness. Synonym: Weakness, frailty Antonym: Strength, robustness Usage: Despite his age and infirmity, he maintained a positive outlook on life

Buoyant Meaning: Cheerful and optimistic. Synonym: Upbeat, positive Antonym: Depressed, pessimistic Usage: The team remained buoyant despite the challenges they faced.

Intensification Meaning: The action of making or becoming more intense. Synonym: Escalation, increase Antonym: Reduction, decrease Usage: The intensification of the conflict led to widespread displacement.

Reaffirms Meaning: To confirm again; to assert again. Synonyms: Restate, reiterate, validate. Antonyms: Deny, retract, negate. Usage: The committee reaffirmed its commitment to the new policies.

Tenure Meaning: The period during which someone holds a position or office. Synonyms: Term, incumbency, period. Antonyms: Unemployment, absence, inactivity. Usage: During his tenure as mayor, he implemented several key reforms.

Indicating Meaning: Pointing out; showing. Synonyms: Signifying, denoting, revealing. Antonyms: Concealing, hiding, obscuring. Usage: The sudden drop in temperature was indicating a coming storm.

Summit Meaning: A meeting between heads of government. Synonyms: Conference, meeting, assembly. Antonyms: Isolation, separation, distance. Usage: The leaders met at the summit to discuss climate change initiatives.

Hasten Meaning: To move or act quickly; to accelerate. Synonyms: Accelerate, expedite, speed up. Antonyms: Delay, hinder, slow down. Usage: They are working to hasten the delivery of the project.

Enduring Meaning: Lasting over a long period of time. Synonyms: Lasting, permanent, long-lasting. Antonyms: Temporary, fleeting, transient. Usage: Their enduring friendship has survived many challenges.

Condemn Meaning: To express strong disapproval of. Synonyms: Denounce, criticize, censure. Antonyms: Praise, approve, endorse. Usage: The government was quick to condemn the violence.

Perch Meaning: A high or elevated position. Synonyms: Position, stance, standpoint. Antonyms: Low, base, bottom. Usage: From his perch on the hill, he could see the entire valley.

Diplomacy Meaning: The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations. Synonyms: Negotiation, tact, statecraft. Antonyms: Impoliteness, rudeness, bluntness. Usage: Effective diplomacy was crucial in preventing the war

Break a tradition Meaning: To do something in a different way than it has been done in the past. Take stock of Meaning: To review or make an overall assessment of a particular situation. Make headway Meaning: To make progress or move forward with something. Send a message Meaning: To convey a significant point or stance through actions

●Stepped up ●Meaning: Increased in amount, speed, or intensity. ●Take a cue from ●Meaning: To follow the example or advice of someone.

Play the blame game Meaning: To accuse others of being responsible for a problem rather than trying to resolve it. Stock response Meaning: A standard or typical reply. Shy away from Meaning: To avoid something that you fear or do not feel confident about. Lead to Meaning: To result in or cause.

Flock to Meaning: To go to a place in large numbers. Bid by Meaning: Attempt or try. Take steps Meaning: To take action in order to achieve something. Bear the cost Meaning: To pay for something. Leave the site Meaning: To depart from a location

Come into force Meaning: To begin to apply or be used. Bring up to speed Meaning: To update someone on the latest information or developments. Fumble their way towards Meaning: To proceed clumsily or ineffectively towards a goal. Brought into force Meaning: To implement or start using a law, rule, or regulation. Come out of this trap Meaning: To escape from a difficult or problematic situation

Step into Meaning: To assume a position or role. Snatched a win Meaning: To take or win something suddenly or unexpectedly. Fall in place Meaning: To go as planned or expected. Run into Meaning: To encounter someone or something unexpectedly. Bow out Meaning: To leave a job or stop an activity, usually after a long time. Seize the game

Vacillations Meaning: Indecisive actions or behavior. Synonyms: Hesitations, fluctuations, wavering, irresolution. Antonyms: Decisiveness, determination, resolve, steadiness. Usage: The company’s vacillations over the new policy caused confusion among employees.

Unrelenting Meaning: Not yielding in strength, severity, or determination. Synonyms: Persistent, relentless, inexorable. Antonyms: Yielding, lenient, merciful. Usage: The unrelenting heat wave caused severe discomfort and health issues.

Sequential Meaning: Following in a logical order or sequence. Synonyms: Consecutive, successive, ordered. Antonyms: Random, unordered, disjointed. Usage: The events in the story are presented in a sequential manner.

Bruising Meaning: Causing intense pain or damage; severe. Synonyms: Harsh, severe, punishing. Antonyms: Mild, gentle, lenient. Usage: The team faced a bruising defeat in the final match.

Lag Meaning: A delay or gap in time. Synonyms: Delay, lapse, interval. Antonyms: Continuity, promptness, immediacy. Usage: There was a noticeable lag between the announcement and its implementation

Escalating Meaning: Increasing rapidly. Synonyms: Intensifying, rising, mounting. Antonyms: Decreasing, declining, diminishing. Usage: The escalating tensions between the two countries are a cause for concern.

Constituent Meaning: A component part of something. Synonyms: Component, element, ingredient. Antonyms: Whole, entirety, totality. Usage: Water is a major constituent of the human body.

Manifold Meaning: Many and varied. Synonyms: Numerous, multiple, diverse. Antonyms: Singular, one, uniform. Usage: The project has manifold challenges that need to be addressed.

Let-up Meaning: A reduction in intensity or severity. Synonyms: Abatement, respite, lull. Antonyms: Intensification, increase, escalation. Usage: There was no let-up in the storm as it continued to rage through the night.

IDIOMS Feeling the heat - Experiencing pressure or stress. Led the charge - Took the lead or initiative in a particular effort. Pointing to more pain ahead - Indicating or suggesting difficulties in the future.

PHRASAL VERBS Hover above - To remain at or near a particular level. Log gains - To record or achieve an increase. Contain prices - To control or limit the increase of prices. Drop their guard - To become less careful or vigilant.

Sworn-in Meaning: Formally inaugurated into office through an official ceremony. Synonyms: Inducted, inaugurated, installed. Antonyms: Dismissed, removed. Usage: The newly elected president was sworn-in during an elaborate ceremony.

Thwarting Meaning: Preventing someone from accomplishing something. Synonyms: Foiling, obstructing, hindering. Antonyms: Assisting, facilitating. Usage: The police thwarted the bank robbery with their timely intervention.

Ascension Meaning: The act of rising to an important position or higher level. Synonyms: Rise, elevation, advancement. Antonyms: Decline, descent. Usage: His ascension to the presidency marked a significant change in the company's direction.

Assiduousness Meaning: Showing great care, attention, and effort. Synonyms: Diligence, industriousness, perseverance. Antonyms: Negligence, carelessness. Usage: Her assiduousness in her studies earned her top honors at graduation.

Rudderless Meaning: Lacking direction, control, or purpose. Synonyms: Aimless, directionless, unanchored. Antonyms: Purposeful, directed. Usage: Without a clear strategy, the organization felt rudderless.

Achilles heel Meaning: A weak or vulnerable point. Synonyms: Weakness, flaw, vulnerability. Antonyms: Strength, advantage. Usage: His inability to delegate tasks was his Achilles heel as a manager.

Bonhomie Meaning: Cheerful friendliness or geniality. Synonyms: Amiability, geniality, friendliness. Antonyms: Hostility, unfriendliness. Usage: The bonhomie at the reunion was palpable, with everyone in high spirits.

Optics Meaning: The way in which an event or course of action is perceived by the public. Synonyms: Perception, image, appearance. Antonyms: Reality, substance (contextdependent). Usage: The optics of the decision were carefully managed to ensure public approval.

Diversification Meaning: The process of varying something or a range of products. Synonyms: Variegation, assortment, variation. Antonyms: Specialization, uniformity. Usage: The company pursued diversification to mitigate risks associated with relying on a single product line.

Communal Meaning: Pertaining to different communities, often referring to tensions or conflicts between them. Synonyms: Shared, collective, public. Antonyms: Individual, private. Usage: The communal violence left a lasting impact on the town.

Proscribe Meaning: To forbid, especially by law. Synonyms: Forbid, prohibit, ban, outlaw, interdict. Antonyms: Allow, permit, authorize, sanction. Usage: The government decided to proscribe the dangerous substance to ensure public safety.

Prejudice Meaning: Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Synonyms: Bias, preconception, partiality, predisposition. Antonyms: Impartiality, fairness, neutrality, objectivity. Usage: His prejudice against people of different cultures made it difficult for him to work in a diverse environment.

Commune Meaning: To converse or talk together, usually with profound intensity. Synonyms: Converse, talk, discuss, communicate, confer. Antonyms: Silence, ignore, disregard, neglect. Usage: They would often commune late into the night, sharing their deepest thoughts and feelings.

Upholding Meaning: Maintaining or supporting in the face of possible opposition. Synonyms: Maintaining, sustaining, supporting, defending. Antonyms: Abandoning, rejecting, disavowing, forsaking. Usage: The judge was committed to upholding the principles of justice and fairness.

Precedents Meaning: An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances. Synonyms: Examples, models, standards, archetypes. Antonyms: Outcomes, results (as in lacking precedent), novelties. Usage: The lawyer cited several legal precedents to strengthen his case.

Overtones Meaning: A subtle or subsidiary quality, implication, or connotation. Synonyms: Nuances, undertones, implications, suggestions. Antonyms: Directness, bluntness, straightforwardness. Usage: The speech had patriotic overtones that resonated with the audience.

Sectarian Meaning: Denoting or concerning a sect or sects. Synonyms: Factional, partisan, denominational, divisive. Antonyms: Nonpartisan, inclusive, ecumenical, universal. Usage: The conflict was largely sectarian, driven by religious differences.

Stereotyping Meaning: Oversimplified and fixed ideas about a particular group of people. Synonyms: Generalizing, pigeonholing, categorizing, labeling. Antonyms: Individualizing, diversifying, differentiating. Usage: Stereotyping can lead to unfair treatment and discrimination against individuals.

Pandering Meaning: Gratifying or indulging an immoral or distasteful desire, need, or habit. Synonyms: Indulging, gratifying, catering to, appeasing. Antonyms: Opposing, resisting, condemning, criticizing. Usage: The politician was accused of pandering to the basest instincts of the electorate to win votes.

Wherewithal Meaning: The money or other means needed for a particular purpose. Synonyms: Means, resources, funds, assets, capital. Antonyms: Inadequacy, insufficiency, deficit, poverty. Usage: They lacked the wherewithal to complete the project and had to seek additional funding.

Idioms Held to ransom - Forced to comply with someone's demands under threat. Under the scanner - Being closely examined or scrutinized.

Accorded Meaning: Granted or given as appropriate. Synonyms: Granted, bestowed, conferred, allotted. Antonyms: Denied, withheld, refused, deprived. Usage: He was accorded the highest honor for his bravery.

Unfinished Meaning: Incomplete; not fully developed or achieved. Synonyms: Incomplete, pending, uncompleted, ongoing. Antonyms: Finished, completed, concluded, finalized. Usage: The project remains unfinished due to a lack of funding.

Revitalise Meaning: To imbue something with new life and vitality. Synonyms: Renew, rejuvenate, restore, refresh. Antonyms: Deplete, exhaust, drain, diminish. Usage: The new CEO aims to revitalise the company’s image.

Predecessor Meaning: A person who held a job or office before the current holder. Synonyms: Forerunner, antecedent, precursor, former holder. Antonyms: Successor, inheritor, follower, descendant. Usage: The new manager is more approachable than her predecessor.

Detriment Meaning: Harm or damage. Synonyms: Harm, injury, damage, loss. Antonyms: Benefit, advantage, gain, profit. Usage: Smoking is a detriment to health.

Dampener Meaning: Something that discourages or reduces enthusiasm. Synonyms: Discouragement, disincentive, deterrent, damper. Antonyms: Encouragement, incentive, motivation, booster. Usage: The bad weather put a dampener on our plans for a picnic.

Pro-corporate Meaning: Supporting or favoring the interests of corporations. Synonyms: Corporate-friendly, business-friendly, industry-supporting. Antonyms: Anti-corporate, pro-labor, workerfriendly. Usage: His pro-corporate policies have been criticized by labor unions

Emergence Meaning: The process of becoming visible or coming into existence. Synonyms: Appearance, rise, advent, development. Antonyms: Disappearance, decline, vanishing, submergence. Usage: The emergence of new technologies has changed the job market

Complimenting Meaning: Expressing praise or admiration. Synonyms: Praising, commending, lauding, applauding. Antonyms: Criticizing, condemning, disparaging, insulting. Usage: He was always complimenting her on her culinary skills.

Systemic Meaning: Relating to a system, especially as opposed to a particular part. Synonyms: Structural, comprehensive, overarching, integrative. Antonyms: Localized, isolated, specific, partial. Usage: The issue requires a systemic approach to be effectively addressed.

Sustainable Meaning: Capable of being maintained over the long term without harming the environment. Synonyms: Renewable, enduring, maintainable, viable. Antonyms: Unsustainable, short-term, nonviable, depleting. Usage: Sustainable development is crucial for the future of our planet.

Pressing Meaning: Requiring immediate attention; urgent. Synonyms: Urgent, critical, imperative, vital. Antonyms: Trivial, insignificant, minor, negligible. Usage: The most pressing issue is the need for immediate medical supplies.

Idioms: Bringing to an end - To stop or conclude something. Example: "The expectation is that this will bring to an end the vacillations over several policy decisions..." Make good his promise - To fulfill or accomplish what one has promised. Example: "He must now make good his promise to Andhra’s farmers..."

Phrasal Verbs: Taken oath - To formally swear or affirm to undertake a duty. Accorded to - To give or grant someone (status, rights, or privileges). Flip flops - To change one's opinion or position frequently. Reeling from - To be in a state of shock or confusion as a result of something. Make good - To succeed or accomplish something.

Sanction Meaning: Official permission or approval for an action. Synonyms: Approval, authorization, consent. Antonyms: Prohibition, refusal, denial. Usage: "The grant of sanction to prosecute writeractivist Arundhati Roy and academician Sheikh Showkat Hussain is unwarranted."

Unwarranted Meaning: Not justified or authorized. Synonyms: Unjustified, groundless, unnecessary. Antonyms: Justified, necessary, warranted. Usage: "The prosecution is unwarranted."

Divisive Meaning: Tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people. Synonyms: Disruptive, alienating, contentious. Antonyms: Unifying, harmonious, integrative. Usage: "Allegedly divisive speeches and imputations against national unity."

Imputations Meaning: Accusations or charges. Synonyms: Allegations, accusations, ascriptions. Antonyms: Exonerations, defenses, vindications. Usage: "Imputations against national unity."

Presumably Meaning: Used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain. Synonyms: Supposedly, likely, probably. Antonyms: Unlikely, improbably, doubtfully. Usage: "Presumably, on behalf of the Central government."

Expedient Meaning: Convenient and practical, although possibly improper or immoral. Synonyms: Convenient, advantageous, beneficial. Antonyms: Inconvenient, disadvantageous, detrimental. Usage: "The present regime has found it expedient to do so.

Jeopardise Meaning: Put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is a danger of loss, harm, or failure. Synonyms: Endanger, risk, threaten. Antonyms: Protect, safeguard, secure. Usage: "The Centre did not want to jeopardise efforts to find a solution to the Kashmir problem."

Instigation Meaning: The action or process of instigating an action or event. Synonyms: Incitement, provocation, initiation. Antonyms: Deterrence, prevention, suppression. Usage: "In the absence of a call to arms or instigation of violence."

IDIOMS & PHRASAL VERBS Crackdown on - Severe measures to restrict or discourage undesirable or illegal people or behavior. Call to arms - A demand or request for people to take action, often used in a context of mobilizing support for a cause. Give nod to - Approve or agree to something. Pressed for - Insisted on or demanded something with urgency.

Tanked Meaning: Decreased sharply. Synonyms: Plummeted, dropped, declined. Antonyms: Rose, increased, soared. Usage: "India’s merchandise exports tanked 3.1% to around $437 billion."

Outbound Meaning: Directed or moving outward or away from a place. Synonyms: Departing, outgoing. Antonyms: Inbound, incoming. Usage: "The last two months have recorded an expansion in outbound shipments."

Hawkish Meaning: Favoring aggressive policies, especially in economic or political contexts. Synonyms: Aggressive, hardline. Antonyms: Dovish, lenient. Usage: "The European Central Bank slashing interest rates this month after a long hawkish stance post-COVID-19."

Shore up Meaning: To support or strengthen. Synonyms: Bolster, reinforce. Antonyms: Undermine, weaken. Usage: "Help shore up demand for their produce."

Tempered Meaning: Moderated or controlled. Synonyms: Calmed, moderated. Antonyms: Exacerbated, intensified. Usage: "Those hopes need to be tempered."

Outperformed Meaning: Performed better than others. Synonyms: Surpassed, excelled. Antonyms: Underperformed, lagged. Usage: "Outperformed last May’s export tallies this year."

Worryingly Meaning: Causing concern or anxiety. Synonyms: Alarmingly, distressingly. Antonyms: Comfortingly, reassuringly. Usage: "Worryingly, spice shipments slipped by a sharp 20.3%.

Trope Meaning: A common or overused theme or device. Synonyms: Cliché, stereotype, motif Antonyms: Originality, novelty, innovation Usage: The old trope of "West vs the Rest" was being reconsidered at the summit.

Outreach Meaning: The act of reaching out to a broader audience or community. Synonyms: Engagement, connection, interaction Antonyms: Isolation, withdrawal, detachment Usage: The G-7 Outreach Summit aimed to include more Global South countries.

Notables Meaning: Important or distinguished people. Synonyms: Dignitaries, luminaries, VIPs Antonyms: Nobodies, unknowns, nonentities Usage: BRICS notables such as Brazil, India, and the UAE were invited.

Recommit Meaning: To commit again to a cause or task. Synonyms: Reaffirm, renew, pledge Antonyms: Renounce, retract, withdraw Usage: The G-7 recommitted to several infrastructure corridors

Dynamic Meaning: Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. Synonyms: Energetic, vibrant, vigorous Antonyms: Static, inactive, lethargic Usage: The G-7 was once hailed as a dynamic group of developed democracies.

Bilateral Meaning: Involving two parties, especially countries. Synonyms: Mutual, reciprocal, two-sided Antonyms: Unilateral, one-sided, singular Usage: Formal bilaterals with important partners were not materialized.

Harness Meaning: To utilize or make use of. Synonyms: Utilize, employ, exploit Antonyms: Waste, misuse, neglect Usage: Mr. Modi focused on harnessing technology and artificial intelligence.

Brunt Meaning: The worst part or chief impact of a specified thing. Synonyms: Impact, force, burden Antonyms: Relief, ease, alleviation Usage: The coastal areas bore the brunt of the hurricane.

Sluggish Meaning: Slow-moving or inactive. Synonyms: Lethargic, slow, inactive Antonyms: Energetic, active, lively Usage: The sluggish economy showed no signs of improvement.

Hiatus Meaning: A pause or gap in a sequence, series, or process. Synonyms: Break, interval, pause Antonyms: Continuation, continuity Usage: The TV show went on hiatus after the third season.

Exacerbated Meaning: Made worse. Synonyms: Aggravated, worsened, intensified Antonyms: Alleviated, reduced, mitigated Usage: His angry comments only exacerbated the situation.

Holistically Meaning: the whole. Synonyms: Entirely, completely, comprehensively Antonyms: Partially, incompletely Usage: The problem should be addressed holistically rather than in isolation.

Pilferage Meaning: The action of stealing things of little value. Synonyms: Theft, stealing, thievery Antonyms: Return, giving, donation Usage: The store has a high rate of pilferage.

Quantum Meaning: A required or allowed amount, especially an amount of money legally payable in damages. Synonyms: Amount, quantity, portion Antonyms: Fraction, part Usage: The quantum of evidence required for a conviction is high.

Surged Meaning: Increased suddenly and powerfully. Synonyms: Rushed, increased, rose Antonyms: Declined, decreased, fell Usage: The crowd surged forward when the doors opened.

Judgment - A decision by a court or judge. Synonyms: Verdict, decision, ruling Antonyms: Indecision, indecisiveness Usage: The court’s judgment was final.

Reservation - A system of allocating a certain percentage of seats or opportunities for specific groups. Synonyms: Quota, allotment, allocation Antonyms: Free competition, open competition Usage: The reservation for backward classes is set at 18%.

Quota - A fixed share or portion. Synonyms: Share, portion, allowance Antonyms: Whole, entirety Usage: The quota for Scheduled Tribes was increased.

Preamble - An introductory statement. Synonyms: Introduction, preface, prologue Antonyms: Conclusion, ending, epilogue Usage: The preamble of the law explains its purpose.

Proportionate - Corresponding in size or amount to something else. Synonyms: Comparable, equivalent, commensurate Antonyms: Disproportionate, unequal, unbalanced Usage: The benefits should be proportionate to the efforts.

Zealous - Showing great energy or enthusiasm. Synonyms: Enthusiastic, fervent, passionate Antonyms: Indifferent, apathetic, dispassionate Usage: The judge was zealous in upholding the law.

Stymie - To hinder or obstruct. Synonyms: Block, thwart, impede Antonyms: Assist, aid, facilitate Usage: The ruling stymies efforts to expand reservations

Idioms Marks yet another instance - Indicates a recurring event or pattern. Inflicted a huge blow - Caused significant damage or setback. Armed with - Equipped with the necessary tools or information. Raised the question - Brought up a point for consideration or debate.

Suo motu Meaning: On its own motion; an action taken by an authority without a formal prompting from another party. Synonyms: Spontaneously, automatically Antonyms: Upon request, after prompting Usage: "It took suo motu action on the basis of the Home Ministry’s cybercrime team’s inputs.

Fiasco Meaning: A complete and ignominious failure. Synonyms: Disaster, debacle, flop Antonyms: Success, triumph, accomplishment Usage: "The Education Ministry’s actions are in stark contrast to its response to the ongoing NEET fiasco."

Consolation Meaning: Comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment. Synonyms: Comfort, solace, relief Antonyms: Agitation, distress, suffering Usage: "For the over nine lakh UGC-NET candidates, this is little consolation."

Transparency Meaning: The condition of being transparent; clarity and openness. Synonyms: Openness, clarity, accountability Antonyms: Opacity, secrecy, obscurity Usage: "Full transparency is key to any hopes that the NTA can regain trustworthiness.

Rehaul Meaning: A thorough examination and repair. Synonyms: Overhaul, revamp, renovation Antonyms: Neglect, abandonment Usage: "The government would also do well to consider a rehaul of the NTA’s systems and personnel."

Proxy Meaning: A person authorized to act on behalf of another. Synonyms: Representative, agent, substitute Antonyms: Principal, original, direct Usage: "The technical glitches, cheating scams, paper leaks, and proxy candidates have plagued the exams."

Beleaguered Meaning: Besieged; troubled with difficulties. Synonyms: Beset, harassed, troubled Antonyms: Supported, untroubled, assisted Usage: "Recovering the integrity of the beleaguered examination system."

Hot potato Meaning: A controversial or difficult issue. Synonyms: Controversy, predicament, sticky situation Antonyms: Non-issue, simple matter Usage: "The testing agency’s woes have become a political hot potato."

Anticipating Meaning: To expect or predict something Synonyms: Foreseeing, expecting, predicting Antonyms: Ignoring, disregarding Usage: Anticipating the storm, the residents took shelter in safe areas.

Hooch Meaning: Illegally distilled liquor Synonyms: Moonshine, bootleg, illicit liquor Antonyms: Legal alcohol, licensed liquor Usage: Several people fell ill after consuming hooch from an unregulated source.

Illicit Meaning: Forbidden by law, rules, or custom Synonyms: Illegal, unlawful, forbidden Antonyms: Legal, lawful, permitted Usage: The authorities are cracking down on the illicit trade of narcotics.

Toll Meaning: The number of deaths or casualties arising from a particular cause Synonyms: Casualty, fatalities, loss Antonyms: Survival, rescue Usage: The toll from the earthquake was devastating, with many lives lost.

Toll Meaning: The number of deaths or casualties arising from a particular cause Synonyms: Casualty, fatalities, loss Antonyms: Survival, rescue Usage: The toll from the earthquake was devastating, with many lives lost.

Prohibition Meaning: The action of forbidding something, especially by law Synonyms: Ban, restriction, interdiction Antonyms: Permission, allowance Usage: Prohibition of alcohol led to the rise of underground distilleries.

Smoking out fault lines Meaning: To reveal or expose hidden problems or weaknesses. Bringing the culprits to book Meaning: To hold wrongdoers accountable and punish them. Go up Meaning: To increase or rise

Act on Meaning: To take action based on information received. Take action against Meaning: To initiate steps to address an issue or punish someone. Brought under the ambit Meaning: To bring within the scope or range of something.

Conflagration Meaning: A large destructive fire. Synonym: Blaze, inferno. Antonym: Peace, tranquility. Usage: The ethnic conflagration in Manipur resulted in significant loss of life and property

Extortion Meaning: The practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats. Synonym: Blackmail, shakedown. Antonym: Donation, offering. Usage: There has been a rise in extortion and abductions in the Imphal valley.

Tenuous Meaning: Very weak or slight. Synonym: Flimsy, weak. Antonym: Strong, substantial. Usage: The Union government has maintained a tenuous peace in Manipur.

Fig Leaf Meaning: Something used to cover up an embarrassing or awkward situation. Synonym: Pretext, cover. Antonym: Exposure, revelation. Usage: The Chief Minister's power is seen as a fig leaf by the Union government.

Vacillation Meaning: Wavering between different opinions or actions. Synonym: Indecision, hesitation. Antonym: Determination, decisiveness. Usage: The Union government’s vacillation has prolonged the conflict.

Helm Meaning: A position of leadership. Synonym: Control, command. Antonym: Subordination, followership. Usage: A change in leadership is inevitable at the helm of Manipur's government.

Flared up Meaning: To erupt or intensify suddenly. Slow burn Meaning: A situation that develops gradually. Writing on the wall Meaning: An indication of impending disaster. Rise above Meaning: To overcome or transcend a difficult situation.

Consensus Meaning: General agreement among a group. Synonym: Agreement, unanimity, accord. Antonym: Disagreement, discord. Usage: The Prime Minister pledged to govern by consensus.

Rhetoric Meaning: Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect. Synonym: Oratory, eloquence. Antonym: Plain speech. Usage: Both sides reiterated their rhetoric on protecting the Constitution

Elusive Meaning: Difficult to find, catch, or achieve. Synonym: Evasive, slippery. Antonym: Clear, obvious. Usage: Convergence between them on any key question of governance remains elusive.

Sparred Meaning: Engage in argument, typically without major consequences. Synonym: Quarreled, debated. Antonym: Agreed, concurred. Usage: The NDA and the INDIA bloc sparred over the selection of the pro tem Speaker.

Reassuring Meaning: Serving to remove someone's doubts or fears. Synonym: Comforting, consoling. Antonym: Alarming, worrying. Usage: Modi’s call for consensus can be a reassuring sign of a healthy democracy.

Tangible Meaning: Perceptible by touch; clear and definite. Synonym: Concrete, palpable. Antonym: Intangible, abstract. Usage: The statement must be translated into tangible action.

Interlocutor Meaning: A person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation. Synonym: Speaker, conversationalist. Antonym: Listener. Usage: Rajnath Singh has emerged as the government’s key interlocutor.

Set for a face-off Meaning: Ready for a confrontation.

Unwarranted Meaning: Not justified or authorized. Synonym: Unjustified, baseless Antonym: Justified, warranted Usage: "The arrest of Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal by the CBI in the Delhi excise policy corruption case is unwarranted and appears tainted by bad faith."

Tainted Meaning: Contaminated or polluted, especially in terms of morality or reputation. Synonym: Corrupted, spoiled Antonym: Pure, untainted Usage: "The arrest appears tainted by bad faith."

Allegation Meaning: A claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof. Synonym: Accusation, claim Antonym: Fact, proof Usage: "The allegation that Mr. Kejriwal was a beneficiary as well as a prime mover behind the controversial excise policy is quite serious."

Interlude Meaning: An intervening period of time. Synonym: Interval, break Antonym: Continuation, persistence Usage: "He has been in custody since March 21, save for a brief interlude during which he was granted interim bail."

Procure Meaning: To obtain something, especially with effort. Synonym: Obtain, acquire Antonym: Lose, forfeit Usage: "The controversial excise policy that allegedly procured windfall profits for favoured liquor manufacturers."

Incarcerated Meaning: Imprisoned or confined. Synonym: Imprisoned, detained Antonym: Freed, released Usage: "Someone cannot be indefinitely incarcerated in the hope that a money trail and direct evidence would soon emerge."

Weaponised Meaning: Adapted for use as a weapon. Synonym: Militarized, armed Antonym: Disarmed, demilitarized Usage: "The system that has been weaponised by the current regime to target political opponents."

Blot Meaning: A mark or stain that tarnishes the reputation of something. Synonym: Stain, blemish Antonym: Honor, purity Usage: The scandal left a blot on his otherwise impeccable career.

Decree Meaning: An official order issued by a legal authority. Synonym: Order, mandate Antonym: Request, suggestion Usage: The government issued a decree to implement new environmental regulations

Arbitrariness Meaning: The quality of being based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. Synonym: Randomness, unpredictability Antonym: Consistency, fairness Usage: The arbitrariness of the decisions led to widespread dissatisfaction.

Draconian Meaning: Excessively harsh and severe. Synonym: Harsh, severe Antonym: Lenient, mild Usage: The new law was criticized for being too draconian.

Haunt Meaning: To recur persistently to the consciousness of (someone); to remain with someone. Synonym: Torment, trouble Antonym: Comfort, reassure Usage: The memories of the war continued to haunt the survivors.

Ploy Meaning: A cunning plan or action designed to turn a situation to one's own advantage. Synonym: Tactic, strategy Antonym: Blunder, mistake Usage: The company's ploy to attract customers with discounts worked effectively

Cohere Meaning: To form a unified whole. Synonym: Unite, integrate Antonym: Separate, disband Usage: The team needed to cohere to achieve their common goal.

Stifle Meaning: To suppress or restrain. Synonym: Suppress, restrain Antonym: Encourage, release Usage: The government attempted to stifle dissent by controlling the media.

IDIOMS AND PHRASAL VERBS Blot on the history: Meaning: A mark of shame or disgrace in history. Lip service: Meaning: Insincere expression of respect, loyalty, or support. Imposed on: Meaning: To establish or apply by authority. Read out: Meaning: To read aloud. Move on from: Meaning: To progress beyond a particular event or period.

Convened Meaning: To come together or assemble, usually for some public purpose. Synonyms: Assembled, gathered, summoned Antonyms: Dispersed, disbanded Usage: The GST Council was convened last week for the first time in nearly nine months.

Recalibrated Meaning: Adjusted or corrected to improve efficiency or accuracy. Synonyms: Adjusted, modified, recalculated Antonyms: Disorganized, destabilized Usage: The Council began afresh with a loaded agenda of clarifications, tweaks, forbearances, and other procedural changes.

Forbearances Meaning: The action of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially enforcing the payment of a debt. Synonyms: Tolerances, patience, leniencies Antonyms: Enforcements, demands Usage: The Council began afresh with a loaded agenda of clarifications, tweaks, forbearances, and other procedural changes.

Consensus Meaning: General agreement. Synonyms: Accord, harmony, unanimity Antonyms: Disagreement, dissent, discord Usage: The Council could arrive at a consensus on a flurry of issues aimed at easing the lot of taxpayers.

Exempted Meaning: Freed from an obligation or liability imposed on others. Synonyms: Freed, excused, excluded Antonyms: Obligated, liable, included Usage: Hostel accommodation costing up to ₹20,000 a month has been exempted from GST altogether.

Retrospective Meaning: Looking back on or dealing with past events or situations. Synonyms: Retroactive, backward-looking Antonyms: Prospective, forward-looking Usage: Several industry-specific measures will kick in with retrospective effect.

Retrospective Meaning: Looking back on or dealing with past events or situations. Synonyms: Retroactive, backward-looking Antonyms: Prospective, forward-looking Usage: Several industry-specific measures will kick in with retrospective effect.

Quell Meaning: To put an end to, typically by the use of force. Synonyms: Suppress, subdue, extinguish Antonyms: Encourage, provoke, incite Usage: The former will quell a difficult-toimplement industry irritant.

A fresh start Meaning: Beginning something again in a new and different way. Take stock of Meaning: To review or make an overall assessment of a particular situation. Kick in Meaning: To begin to take effect. Sign off on Meaning: To formally approve or agree to something. Come to a conclusion Meaning: To decide or determine something.

Egregious Meaning: Outstandingly bad; shocking. Synonyms: Appalling, horrendous, atrocious Antonyms: Minor, slight, trivial Usage: The egregious error led to the project's failure

Outlandish Meaning: Looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar. Synonyms: Bizarre, peculiar, odd Antonyms: Ordinary, conventional, normal Usage: Her outlandish attire attracted everyone's attention.

Conniving Meaning: Secretly allowing something immoral, illegal, or harmful to occur. Synonyms: Scheming, plotting, conspiring Antonyms: Honest, straightforward, transparent Usage: They were accused of conniving to overthrow the government.

Scheming Meaning: Given to making plans, especially sly and underhanded ones. Synonyms: Plotting, conniving, conspiratorial Antonyms: Honest, straightforward, transparent Usage: The scheming politician was always a step ahead of his rivals.

Fabricated Meaning: Invented or concocted, typically with deceitful intent. Synonyms: Fake, forged, falsified Antonyms: Genuine, authentic, real Usage: The evidence was fabricated to frame the innocent man.

Flamboyantly Meaning: In a very confident and exuberant way. Synonyms: Ostentatiously, showily, extravagantly Antonyms: Modestly, simply, plainly Usage: She flamboyantly displayed her wealth at the party.

Probationer Meaning: A person who is undergoing a trial period in a job. Synonyms: Trainee, novice, apprentice Antonyms: Veteran, expert, professional Usage: The probationer worked hard to secure a permanent position.

Aberration Meaning: A departure from what is normal, usual, or expected. Synonyms: Anomaly, deviation, irregularity Antonyms: Norm, standard, regularity Usage: The snow in April was an aberration in the region's climate.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Pull wool over someone's eyes Meaning: To deceive someone. Usage: She tried to pull wool over the teacher's eyes by submitting copied homework. Jump through hoops Meaning: To go through a lot of effort to achieve something. Usage: He had to jump through hoops to get his visa approved. Cast shade Meaning: To criticize or express contempt. Usage: She cast shade on her colleague's work during the meeting

Phrasal Verbs Step outside the law Meaning: To engage in illegal activities. Usage: The company stepped outside the law by avoiding taxes. Come to light Meaning: To become known or apparent. Usage: The fraud came to light during the audit. Flaunt privileges Meaning: To show off benefits or advantages. Usage: He was known to flaunt his privileges in front of his peers. Indulge in perks Meaning: To enjoy additional benefits or advantages. Usage: She often indulged in perks not meant for her position

Sombre Meaning: Gloomy or serious. Synonyms: Dismal, melancholic, solemn. Antonyms: Cheerful, bright, lively. Usage: The news of her disqualification cast a sombre mood over the entire camp.

Fizzle out Meaning: To gradually fail or end weakly after a promising start. Synonyms: Fade, peter out, dwindle. Antonyms: Flourish, thrive, escalate. Usage: Her hopes of winning gold fizzled out at the last moment

Summit Meaning: The highest point or peak, often used metaphorically. Synonyms: Apex, zenith, pinnacle. Antonyms: Nadir, bottom, base. Usage: She was so close to reaching the summit of her career.

Funereal Meaning: Having the mournful, somber character appropriate to a funeral. Synonyms: Mournful, gloomy, sorrowful. Antonyms: Festive, joyful, lively. Usage: The atmosphere in the stadium was almost funereal after the announcement.

Halo Meaning: A circle of light shown around or above the head of a saint or holy person to represent their holiness, often used metaphorically. Synonyms: Aura, nimbus, glow. Antonyms: Darkness, shadow. Usage: Her victories gave her an almost saintly halo among her supporters.

Frenetic Meaning: Fast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way. Synonyms: Frantic, feverish, hectic. Antonyms: Calm, relaxed, composed. Usage: The team worked in a frenetic manner to help her lose weight. Frenetic Meaning: Fast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way. Synonyms: Frantic, feverish, hectic. Antonyms: Calm, relaxed, composed. Usage: The team worked in a frenetic manner to help her lose weight.

Cleaved Meaning: Split or sever something, especially along a natural line or grain; to adhere closely or stick fast. Synonyms: Split, sever, divide, adhere, cling. Antonyms: Unite, join, combine, merge. Usage: The tree was cleaved in two by the lightning strike.

Rebuffed Meaning: Rejected or turned away in an abrupt or ungracious manner. Synonyms: Reject, repel, snub, spurn, dismiss. Antonyms: Accept, welcome, embrace, approve. Usage: She rebuffed his offer to help with a curt "no, thank you."

Angst Meaning: A deep feeling of anxiety or dread Synonyms: Anxiety, fear, apprehension, dread, unease. Antonyms: Calmness, contentment, tranquility, peace. Usage: The teenager's angst about the future was evident in his sullen demeanor.

Sacrosanct Meaning: Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with Synonyms: Sacred, inviolable, untouchable, revered, hallowed. Antonyms: Profane, unholy, disregarded, disrespected. Usage: The tradition was considered sacrosanct, and no one dared to question it.

So near and yet so far Meaning: Being very close to achieving something but ultimately failing. Usage: It was a case of so near and yet so far for Vinesh as she missed the gold medal by a whisker. Summit clash Meaning: The final and most important match in a competition. Usage: Vinesh was prepared for the summit clash, but fate had other plans. Crash course Meaning: A quick, intensive course of study. Usage: She underwent a crash course in weight loss to make the final bout. Ring loud and clear Meaning: To be very obvious or noticeable. Usage: The warning bells rang loud and clear when her weight

Charge towards Meaning: To move quickly towards something, often in an aggressive or determined way. Usage: Her charge towards victory was halted by a minor yet crucial error. Lean on Meaning: To depend on someone or something for support. Usage: The wrestlers felt that the administration leaned on outdated patriarchal norms. Culminate in Meaning: To reach the highest point or final stage. Usage: Her efforts culminated in a heartbreaking disqualification.

Tumultuous: Meaning: Full of disorder or confusion; chaotic. Synonyms: Turbulent, chaotic, disorderly, tumultuous. Antonyms: Calm, peaceful, orderly, serene. Usage: The country is going through a tumultuous phase with widespread violence and unrest.

Recede: Meaning: To move back or away; to diminish. Synonyms: Retreat, withdraw, diminish, ebb. Antonyms: Advance, increase, approach, surge. Usage: The violence in the region refuses to recede despite the efforts of the authorities.

Vandalized: Meaning: Deliberately destroy or damage public or private property. Synonyms: Deface, destroy, wreck, damage. Antonyms: Protect, preserve, repair, restore. Usage: The offices of the Awami League were vandalised during the protests.

Reconciliation: Meaning: The restoration of friendly relations. Synonyms: Settlement, resolution, compromise, conciliation. Antonyms: Conflict, disagreement, discord, estrangement. Usage: The appointment of Mr. Yunus shows signs of reconciliation among the political factions.

Pragmatic: Meaning: Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations. Synonyms: Practical, realistic, sensible, down-toearth. Antonyms: Idealistic, impractical, unrealistic, fanciful. Usage: The decision to appoint a technocrat as the interim leader is a pragmatic approach to resolving the crisis.

Legitimacy: Meaning: The right and acceptance of an authority, typically a governing law or regime. Synonyms: Validity, legality, authority, justification. Antonyms: Illegitimacy, unlawfulness, invalidity, illegality. Usage: Only an elected government with popular legitimacy can guide the country through this crisis.

Vendetta: Meaning: A prolonged bitter quarrel with or campaign against someone. Synonyms: Feud, rivalry, grudge, enmity. Antonyms: Reconciliation, peace, friendship, truce. Usage: The years of BNP rule were marked by political violence and vendetta.

Steer: Meaning: To guide or control the movement or course of something. Synonyms: Guide, direct, navigate, control. Antonyms: Misguide, mislead, drift, neglect. Usage: The success of the uprising will depend on the ability of the new rulers to steer the country out of trouble.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Bring back: Meaning: To cause something to return to memory or consciousness. Usage: Mr. Yunus’s challenge is to bring back the rule of law in Bangladesh. Take charge: Meaning: To assume control or responsibility. Usage: Yunus took charge of the country during a tumultuous period. At the brink: Meaning: On the edge of something, especially a dangerous or disastrous situation. Usage: The country is at the brink of chaos and violence. Call for: Meaning: To demand that something happens. Usage: The situation calls for calm and reconciliation

Protracted Meaning: Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual. Synonyms: Extended, prolonged, drawn-out. Antonyms: Shortened, abbreviated, brief. Usage: The trial has been protracted due to numerous delays

Compunction Meaning: A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad. Synonyms: Remorse, regret, guilt. Antonyms: Indifference, insensitivity, unconcern. Usage: The authorities acted without compunction, ignoring the ethical concerns.

Foregrounded Meaning: Made something the most prominent or important feature. Synonyms: Highlighted, emphasized, accentuated. Antonyms: Minimized, obscured, underplayed. Usage: The issue was foregrounded in the court’s ruling.

Rigours Meaning: The difficult and unpleasant conditions or experiences that are associated with something. Synonyms: Strictness, severity, harshness. Antonyms: Leniency, gentleness, softness. Usage: The rigours of the law made it difficult for the accused to get bail.

Conditional Meaning: Subject to one or more conditions or requirements being met. Synonyms: Contingent, dependent, provisional. Antonyms: Unconditional, absolute, definitive. Usage: His release was conditional on his agreement to report to the police station weekly

Assurance Meaning: A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise. Synonyms: Guarantee, pledge, promise. Antonyms: Doubt, uncertainty, hesitancy. Usage: The ED gave an assurance that the trial would be completed soon.

Liberty Meaning: The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions. Synonyms: Freedom, independence, autonomy. Antonyms: Imprisonment, constraint, restriction. Usage: The judge was concerned about the loss of liberty due to prolonged pre-trial detention.

Merits Meaning: The intrinsic rights and wrongs of a case, without reference to procedural or technical aspects. Synonyms: Worth, value, substance. Antonyms: Flaws, faults, deficiencies. Usage: The court dismissed his application on its merits.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Turn (came) Meaning: When a particular time or opportunity arrives for someone. Usage: His turn came to testify in court. Pay heed Meaning: To give attention to something, especially advice or a warning. Usage: The court failed to pay heed to the Supreme Court’s recommendation. Guard against Meaning: To take precautions to prevent something from happening. Usage: Judges must guard against public distrust in the legal system.

Ramp up Meaning: To increase or cause to increase. Synonyms: Boost, escalate, enhance Antonyms: Decrease, reduce, lower Usage: The laboratory decided to ramp up testing efforts following the Zika outbreak in Pune.

Sequencing Meaning: Determining the order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA to understand the genetic makeup of a virus. Synonyms: Genetic analysis, gene mapping Antonyms: None (technical term) Usage: Viral sequencing is crucial in identifying the strains responsible for outbreaks.

Decentralised Meaning: Distribution of functions and power from a central authority to regional and local authorities. Synonyms: Distributed, dispersed, regionalized Antonyms: Centralized, concentrated Usage: Decentralised testing helped manage the COVID-19 pandemic effectively across various regions.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Cut the delay - To reduce the amount of time taken. Usage: The municipality decided to send samples to another lab to cut the delay in testing. Run a risk - To be exposed to danger or the possibility of a bad outcome. Usage: Pregnant women infected with Zika virus run a risk of having babies with neurological issues. Bring under focus - To highlight or draw attention to something. Usage: The outbreak has brought under focus the need for better testing facilities.

Scrutiny Meaning: Close and critical observation or examination. Synonyms: Inspection, examination, review. Antonyms: Neglect, disregard. Usage: The company’s accounts were under scrutiny by the auditors.

Statutory Meaning: Required, permitted, or enacted by law. Synonyms: Legal, lawful, regulatory. Antonyms: Unlawful, illegal, unauthorized. Usage: The organization must follow statutory regulations.

Malfeasance Meaning: Wrongdoing, especially by a public official. Synonyms: Misconduct, corruption, misbehavior. Antonyms: Integrity, honesty, propriety. Usage: The mayor was accused of malfeasance in the handling of city funds.

Obscure Meaning: Not discovered or known about; uncertain. Synonyms: Unknown, unclear, hidden. Antonyms: Clear, obvious, known. Usage: The origin of the artifact remains obscure.

Rebuttal Meaning: A refutation or contradiction. Synonyms: Refutation, counterargument, denial. Antonyms: Acceptance, agreement, concession. Usage: The lawyer presented a strong rebuttal to the prosecution's claims.

Ramifications Meaning: Consequences or outcomes that are complex or unwelcome. Synonyms: Consequences, implications, outcomes. Antonyms: Causes, origins, sources. Usage: The new policy had many unexpected ramifications.

Integrity Meaning: The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. Synonyms: Honesty, probity, uprightness. Antonyms: Dishonesty, corruption, deceit. Usage: The judge was known for his integrity and fairness.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Cast a shadow on (something) - To cause doubts about something. Usage: The scandal cast a shadow on the company’s reputation. In the fitness of things - In a manner appropriate to the situation. Usage: It was in the fitness of things that she received a promotion after her hard work. Come under scrutiny - To be critically examined. Usage: The government’s decision came under scrutiny from the opposition. Go dormant - To become inactive or cease operations temporarily.

Agnostic Meaning: Indifferent or non-committal towards a specific belief or opinion. Synonyms: Uncertain, neutral, non-aligned Antonyms: Certain, committed, dogmatic Usage: The proposal for a uniform civil code was presented as an agnostic measure, indifferent to religious beliefs.

Contentious Meaning: Likely to cause disagreement or argument. Synonyms: Controversial, debatable, disputable Antonyms: Uncontroversial, agreeable, peaceful Usage: The uniform civil code remains a contentious issue in the country.

Precedent Meaning: An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances. Synonyms: Model, example, guide Antonyms: Anomaly, aberration, deviation Usage: Seating Rahul Gandhi in the back row was a breach of precedent

Unilateral Meaning: Performed by or affecting only one side or party. Synonyms: One-sided, independent, singlehanded Antonyms: Bilateral, multilateral, collective Usage: The government’s unilateral approach to implementing the uniform civil code has faced criticism.

Partisan Meaning: Strong supporter of a party, cause, or person, often without considering other perspectives. Synonyms: Biased, one-sided, prejudiced Antonyms: Impartial, unbiased, neutral Usage: The government's partisan approach has made the uniform civil code a divisive issue.

Opportunistic Meaning: Taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit. Synonyms: Calculating, strategic, selfserving Antonyms: Principled, ethical, honorable Usage: The opportunistic use of the uniform civil code to target certain communities has drawn criticism

Consultative Meaning: Providing advice or opinions, often in a formal setting. Synonyms: Advisory, deliberative, counseling Antonyms: Dictatorial, authoritarian, unilateral Usage: A more consultative approach is needed to build consensus on the uniform civil code.

Consensus Meaning: General agreement among a group of people. Synonyms: Agreement, harmony, accord Antonyms: Disagreement, discord, conflict Usage: Building a consensus on the uniform civil code in a diverse country like India is crucial.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Stay the course: To continue with a process, effort, etc., even though it is difficult. Usage: The Prime Minister vowed to stay the course in his fight against corruption. Breached precedent: To violate or go against an established norm or rule. Usage: Seating the Leader of the Opposition in the back row breached precedent. Signal continuity: To indicate or show that something will remain consistent over time. Usage: Modi's speech sought to signal continuity in his third term in office

Endemic Meaning: A disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area. Synonyms: Native, local, indigenous. Antonyms: Epidemic, pandemic. Usage: Mpox has been endemic in Africa for years.

Transmission Meaning: The act or process by which something is spread or passed from one person or place to another. Synonyms: Spread, dissemination, propagation. Antonyms: Containment, isolation. Usage: The transmission of the virus was primarily through human-to-human contact.

Apathy Meaning: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. Synonyms: Indifference, Unconcern, Disinterest Antonyms: Enthusiasm, Interest, Passion His apathy towards the project was evident in his lack of participation

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Blunt transmission (idiom) Meaning: To reduce or slow down the spread of a disease. Usage: Vaccines were used to blunt transmission in Europe and the U.S. Sidestep (phrasal verb) Meaning: To avoid or circumvent something. Usage: The regulatory hurdle can be sidestepped if the company expresses interest in WHO’s emergency use listing. Wait till the end of (idiom) Meaning: To remain in a state of expectation until a particular time. Usage: Africa will have to wait till the end of 2025 for the 10 million doses.

Platitudes Meaning: Overused and unoriginal remarks or statements. Synonym: Cliché, truism Antonym: Insight, originality Usage: The politician’s speech was filled with platitudes rather than substantive proposals.

Regressive Meaning: Returning to an earlier or less advanced state. Synonym: Retrogressive, backward Antonym: Progressive, advanced Usage: The policy was criticized as regressive because it hindered progress in women’s rights.

Abysmal Meaning: Extremely bad or poor. Synonym: Terrible, dreadful Antonym: Excellent, superior Usage: The abysmal working conditions led to widespread dissatisfaction among the employees.

Suo Motu Meaning: On its own motion; taking action on its own accord. Synonym: On its own initiative Antonym: Requested, solicited Usage: The court took suo motu notice of the issue to ensure justice was served.

Cognisance Meaning: Awareness or knowledge of something. Synonym: Awareness, recognition Antonym: Ignorance, oblivion Usage: The board took cognisance of the irregularities in the financial report.

Sovereign Meaning: Having supreme power or authority. Synonym: Supreme, independent Antonym: Subordinate, dependent Usage: The nation prides itself on being a sovereign state with full control over its affairs.

Protocol Meaning: A set of formal rules or procedures. Synonym: Procedure, guideline Antonym: Informality, disregard Usage: Following the safety protocol is essential in preventing accidents in the laboratory.

Mindset Meaning: The established set of attitudes held by someone. Synonym: Attitude, mentality Antonym: Indifference, openness Usage: Changing the mindset of employees was crucial for the success of the new initiative.

Sanction Synonyms: Approval, Authorization Antonyms: Denial, Prohibition Usage Sentence: The governor's sanction was needed before any investigation could proceed.

Precipitate Synonyms: Hasty, Rash Antonyms: Delayed, Cautious Usage Sentence: The court asked the trial court to avoid any precipitate actions until further hearings.

Vehemently Synonyms: Passionately, Intensely Antonyms: Indifferently, Calmly Usage Sentence: The Chief Minister vehemently denied any involvement in the land allotment controversy

Vexatious Synonyms: Annoying, Harassing Antonyms: Peaceful, Pleasant Usage Sentence: The amendment to the Prevention of Corruption Act aims to deter vexatious complaints.

Credible Synonyms: Trustworthy, Reliable Antonyms: Unbelievable, Untrustworthy Usage Sentence: The criminal process must be credible and independent to gain public trust.

Allotment Synonyms: Distribution, Assignment Antonyms: Withdrawal, Reclaim Usage Sentence: The allotment of land to the Chief Minister’s wife is under scrutiny.

Bias Synonyms: Prejudice, Partiality Antonyms: Impartiality, Fairness Usage Sentence: The Governor may make an independent decision if there is evidence of bias in the Council of Ministers.

Amendment Synonyms: Revision, Modification Antonyms: Rejection, Maintenance Usage Sentence: The 2018 amendment to the Prevention of Corruption Act introduced new filtering mechanisms.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: ● "Defer action" ● Meaning: To delay or postpone taking action. ● "Contain evidence" ● Meaning: To include or hold proof of something. ● "Seek to" ● Meaning: To try or attempt to achieve something ● "Hankering for" ● Meaning: A strong desire or craving for something.

Blip Meaning: A minor, temporary deviation from a general trend. Synonyms: Glitch, anomaly, fluctuation. Antonyms: Continuity, stability, constancy. Usage: The drop in exports was just a blip in an otherwise steady growth trend.

Patchy Meaning: Inconsistent, uneven in quality or performance. Synonyms: Irregular, uneven, erratic. Antonyms: Consistent, uniform, even. Usage: The company’s performance has been patchy over the past year.

Tally Meaning: The total amount or score. Synonyms: Count, sum, total. Antonyms: Divide, separate, subtract. Usage: The final tally of votes was announced at the end of the day

Tally Meaning: The total amount or score. Synonyms: Count, sum, total. Antonyms: Divide, separate, subtract. Usage: The final tally of votes was announced at the end of the day

Sanguine Meaning: Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation. Synonyms: Hopeful, optimistic, confident. Antonyms: Pessimistic, doubtful, negative. Usage: Despite the challenges, the manager remained sanguine about the project's success

Upside Meaning: The positive or favorable aspect of something. Synonyms: Advantage, benefit, positive. Antonyms: Downside, disadvantage, negative. Usage: The upside of the new policy is increased efficiency.

Viable Meaning: Capable of working successfully. Synonyms: Feasible, practical, workable. Antonyms: Unviable, impractical, impossible. Usage: The company is searching for a viable solution to the problem.

Undercutting Meaning: Offering goods or services at a lower price than a competitor. Synonyms: Undersell, discount, underbid. Antonyms: Overpricing, overcharging, inflating. Usage: The store was undercutting its competitors by offering significant discounts.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Hold up (phrasal verb) Meaning: To remain strong or in a good condition. Usage: Domestic demand is expected to hold up despite global challenges. Run harder (idiom) Meaning: To make greater efforts. Usage: India must run harder to keep up with the global trade competition. Flood the market (idiom) Meaning: To oversupply the market with a particular product. Usage: Chinese producers are flooding the market by undercutting prices

Limp Meaning: To move or progress with difficulty. Synonym: Stumble, struggle Antonym: Thrive, flourish Usage: The region is limping back to normalcy after the landslide.

Deluge Meaning: A severe flood or a large amount of something arriving suddenly. Synonym: Flood, torrent Antonym: Drought, trickle Usage: The deluge from the glacier caused massive destruction to the dam.

Quiescent Meaning: In a state of inactivity or dormancy. Synonym: Inactive, dormant Antonym: Active, dynamic Usage: The old issue remained quiescent until the recent disaster highlighted it again.

Conundrum Meaning: A confusing and difficult problem or question. Synonym: Puzzle, riddle Antonym: Solution, answer Usage: The conundrum of balancing environmental risks with economic benefits persists.

Tributary Meaning: A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake. Synonym: Substream, feeder Antonym: Main river Usage: The Teesta river is a tributary of the Brahmaputra.

Undulating Meaning: Moving with a smooth, wavelike motion. Synonym: Rolling, wave-like Antonym: Flat, straight Usage: The river’s undulating course complicates power project planning

Auctioned Meaning: Sold to the highest bidder through a public sale. Synonym: Sold, bid Antonym: Bought outright, reserved Usage: Several companies have bid for projects auctioned by State governments

Concrete-faced Meaning: A type of construction where concrete is used on the face of a structure. Synonym: Concrete-covered Antonym: Uncovered Usage: The dam was built with a concretefaced rock fill design.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs "Shines a new light on" Meaning: To make something clearer or more apparent. "Tempts governments to extract as much benefit as possible" Meaning: Encourages governments to gain as many advantages as they can. "Bid for projects" Meaning: To make an offer to undertake a project, often in competition with others. "Grounded after" Meaning: Rendered inactive or non-functional

Balancing Synonym: Moderating, adjusting Antonym: Skewing, favoring Usage: "Modi’s trip to Kyiv was seen as an exercise in balancing India’s position on the Russia-Ukraine war."

Abstaining Synonym: Refraining, avoiding Antonym: Participating, engaging Usage: "India has been abstaining from all resolutions at the United Nations critical of Russia."

Couched Synonym: Framed, expressed Antonym: Unstated, direct Usage: "India’s disapproval of Russia’s actions was couched in the language of peace."

Significant Synonym: Noteworthy, important Antonym: Insignificant, trivial Usage: "The visit was significant as it was the first by any Indian Prime Minister since Ukraine’s independence.

Outlooked Synonym: Anticipated, expected Antonym: Unexpected, unforeseen Usage: "The leaders did not speak of progress on other outlooked issues.

Propounded Synonym: Proposed, suggested Antonym: Discarded, ignored Usage: "The broader question was whether India would play a larger role in resolving the conflict, an idea propounded by Kyiv."

mperil Synonym: Endanger, jeopardize Antonym: Protect, safeguard Usage: "India has a stake in ensuring that the impact of the war and sanctions do not continue to imperil developing nations."

Symbolism Synonym: Representation, significance Antonym: Literalness, reality Usage: "The visit's substance greatly outweighed the symbolism."

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Balancing India’s position: Adjusting or moderating India's stance to address multiple factors. Couched in: Framed or expressed in a particular way. Move the needle: Make a significant change or impact.

Deferred Meaning: Postponed or delayed Synonym: Delayed Antonym: Immediate Sentence: The decision on the new policy was deferred until next month.

Exchequer Meaning: The government department responsible for managing public finances Synonym: Treasury Antonym: Private fund Sentence: The exchequer released funds for the new infrastructure project.

Avenues Meaning: Opportunities or options Synonym: Paths Antonym: Obstacles Sentence: She explored various avenues before deciding on her career.

Underwritten Meaning: Financially supported or guaranteed Synonym: Supported Antonym: Neglected Sentence: The bank underwrote the new insurance policy.

Contributory Meaning: Involving contributions from individuals or organizations Synonym: Contributive Antonym: Non-contributory Sentence: The contributory pension scheme requires regular employee deposits.

Ballooning Meaning: Increasing rapidly in size or amount Synonym: Expanding Antonym: Shrinking Sentence: The ballooning costs of healthcare are a concern for the government.

Prudence Meaning: Cautiousness or careful management Synonym: Caution Antonym: Recklessness Sentence: Financial prudence is necessary for maintaining a balanced budget.

Sustainable Meaning: Capable of being maintained over the long term Synonym: Maintainable Antonym: Unsustainable Sentence: The company aims to implement sustainable practices to reduce its environmental impact.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Idioms: "Pushed to the corner": To be in a difficult or challenging situation with few options. Meaning: To be forced into a difficult situation with limited choices. "Hold on to": To keep or maintain something. Meaning: To continue to have or keep something despite challenges. "Resorting to": To turn to or adopt a particular course of action. Meaning: To use something as a solution when other options are not available. "Turned out": To happen in a particular way or to result. Meaning: To result in a certain manner or outcome. "Driven by": Motivated or influenced by a particular factor. Meaning: Caused or motivated by a specific factor

Muddying Meaning: Making something less clear or more difficult to understand. Synonym: Obscuring, confusing Antonym: Clarifying, simplifying Usage: The government’s proposal is muddying the waters. Hindi Meaning: अ   करना

Enumerate Meaning: To mention or list one by one. Synonym: List, itemize Antonym: Conceal, ignore Usage: The Census might include caste enumeration. Hindi Meaning: गनती करना

Strident Meaning: Loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way. Synonym: Harsh, forceful Antonym: Soft, mild Usage: The strident demand for a caste census. Hindi Meaning: कक
श

Ostensible Meaning: Appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else. Synonym: Apparent, superficial Antonym: Genuine, real Usage: The ostensible reason for the dlay was the pandemic. Hindi Meaning: दखावट

Ostensible Meaning: Appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else. Synonym: Apparent, superficial Antonym: Genuine, real Usage: The ostensible reason for the delay was the pandemic. Hindi Meaning:दखावट

Dubious Meaning: Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon. Synonym: Doubtful, uncertain Antonym: Certain, trustworthy Usage: India shares this dubious distinction with countries in crisis. Hindi Meaning: संदग्ध

Derelict Meaning: Neglectful of duty; abandoned. Synonym: Negligent, remiss Antonym: Diligent, responsible Usage: The government is being derelict in its duties. Hindi Meaning: लापरवाह

Bevy Meaning: A large group or collection of people or things. Synonym: Group, collection Antonym: Single, individual Usage: A bevy of sample surveys are used to fill in the gap. Hindi Meaning: समूह

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs ● Muddying the waters: Making a situation more complicated or less clear. ● Hurry into: Rush into doing something without proper preparation. ● Fill in the gap: To provide missing information or data

Codified Meaning: To arrange and set down in writing. Synonym: Systematized Antonym: Disorganized Usage: The rights were codified in law. Hindi Meaning: संहताब‑

Chilling Effect Meaning: A situation where a legal or regulatory action discourages the exercise of a right. Synonym: Intimidation Antonym: Encouragement Usage: The arrest had a chilling effect on free speech. Hindi Meaning: डरानेवाला !भाव

Laissez-faire Meaning: A policy of letting things take their own course, without interfering. Synonym: Hands-off Antonym: Interventionist Usage: His laissez-faire approach to content regulation is controversial. Hindi Meaning: हस्त#ेपहीन

Absolutists Meaning: People who believe in the absolute or total nature of something. Synonym: Extremists Antonym: Relativists Usage: Free speech absolutists argue against any restrictions. Hindi Meaning: नरपे#तावाद

Moderation Meaning: The action of making something less extreme, or the process of overseeing content. Synonym: Regulation Antonym: Extremism Usage: The app's moderation policies were questioned. Hindi Meaning: नयं%ण

Eschew Meaning: To deliberately avoid or abstain from. Synonym: Avoid Antonym: Embrace Usage: They should eschew absolutism and focus on responsible moderation. Hindi Meaning: परहेज करना

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Risk the wrath: Meaning: To expose oneself to anger or punishment from someone in authority. Escape the long arm of the law: Meaning: To avoid being caught or punished by the legal system. Tamp down: Meaning: To suppress or reduce something.

Plunge Meaning: To suddenly start doing something with enthusiasm. Synonym: Dive Antonym: Retreat Usage: New Delhi is ready to take the plunge and attempt peacemaking. Hindi Meaning: छलांग

Fuel Meaning: To increase or stimulate something. Synonym: Encourage Antonym: Suppress Usage: The visits have fuelled hopes for India's involvement in peacemaking. Hindi Meaning: !ोत्साहत करना

Partial Meaning: Favoring one side more than another. Synonym: Biased Antonym: Impartial Usage: New Delhi has been seen to be partial to Moscow. Hindi Meaning: प#पाती

Entrenched Meaning: Firmly established and difficult to change. Synonym: Established Antonym: Unsettled Usage: With such entrenched positions, New Delhi must proceed with care. Hindi Meaning: गहरा जड़त

Articulate Meaning: To express an idea or feeling fluently and coherently. Synonym: Express Antonym: Mumble Usage: India must also articulate its own principles for a ceasefire. Hindi Meaning: करना

Complicated Meaning: Consisting of many interconnecting parts or elements; intricate. Synonym: Complex Antonym: Simple Usage: An Indian peace initiative will be further complicated by the proposals. Hindi Meaning: जटल

Ceasefire Meaning: An agreement to stop fighting, typically one that is temporary. Synonym: Truce Antonym: Conflict Usage: India must articulate its principles for a ceasefire compromise. Hindi Meaning: संघषवराम

Initiative Meaning: The ability to assess and initiate things independently. Synonym: Proposal Antonym: Inactivity Usage: The Black Sea Grain Initiative was one of the successful efforts. Hindi Meaning: पहल

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Take the plunge:To decide to do something important or risky, especially after thinking about it for a long time. Fuel hopes:To increase or stimulate expectations or hopes. Caught off guard: To become part of a group or category. Join the ranks:To be surprised or unprepared for something.

Ire Meaning: Anger or rage. Synonyms: Anger, wrath, rage. Antonyms: Calm, peace, serenity. Usage: The Court’s ire was directed at the Ministry of AYUSH. Hindi Meaning: -ोध

Cynical Meaning: Distrustful of human sincerity or integrity; believing that people are motivated by self-interest. Synonyms: Skeptical, distrustful, pessimistic. Antonyms: Trustful, optimistic, believing. Usage: The Ministry’s cynical attempt to sidestep the rules was noted by the Court. Hindi Meaning: .न/दक

Sidestep Meaning: To avoid dealing with or addressing something. Synonyms: Avoid, evade, bypass. Antonyms: Confront, face, address. Usage: The Ministry attempted to sidestep Rule 170. Hindi Meaning: टालना

Disuniform Meaning: Lacking uniformity or consistency. Synonyms: Inconsistent, uneven, irregular. Antonyms: Uniform, consistent, regular. Usage: Medicine quality and manufacturer inspections are disuniform. Hindi Meaning: असमान

Sated Meaning: Satisfied to the full. Synonyms: Satisfied, contented, fulfilled. Antonyms: Unsatisfied, dissatisfied, hungry. Usage: The Court may seem sated by the demand for self-declarations. Hindi Meaning: तृप्त

Rectify Meaning: To correct or make right. Synonyms: Correct, amend, fix. Antonyms: Mistake, worsen, damage. Usage: The Court should focus on rectifying the quality-control regime. Hindi Meaning: सुधारना

Empower Meaning: To give someone the authority or power to do something. Synonyms: Authorize, enable, equip. Antonyms: Weaken, disempower, disable. Usage: The Court aims to empower the quality-control regime. Hindi Meaning: सश2 बनाना

Backstop Meaning: A form of protection or safeguard. Synonyms: Safety net, protection, safeguard. Antonyms: Vulnerability, risk, exposure. Usage: Regulating advertisements has emerged as a backstop against bad products. Hindi Meaning: सुर#ा उपाय

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs ● "Caught between" ● Meaning: Faced with a difficult situation where one must choose between two or more conflicting options. ● Grease the wheels" ● Meaning: To make something easier or smoother, often through informal or unofficial means. ● "Reaching for" ● Meaning: To seek or strive for something. ● "Navigate this tension" ● Meaning: To manage or deal with a difficult or complicated situation. ● "Act against" ● Meaning: To take action to oppose or address something

Slated Meaning: Scheduled or planned to happen Synonym: Scheduled Antonym: Canceled Hindi Meaning: नधा
4रत Sentence: The meeting is slated to begin at 10 AM tomorrow.

Parleys Meaning: Discussions or conferences, especially between opposing sides Synonym: Negotiations Antonym: Silence Hindi Meaning: बातचीत, संवाद Sentence: The parleys between the two companies were crucial for reaching a deal.

Arduous Meaning: Involving a lot of effort and hard work Synonym: Difficult Antonym: Easy Hindi Meaning: क
ठन, 7मसाध्य Sentence: Climbing the mountain was an arduous task, requiring several days of hard work

Feasibility Meaning: The state or degree of being easily or conveniently done Synonym: Viability Antonym: Impossibility Hindi Meaning: 8वहाय
ता, स9ावना Sentence: The feasibility of the new project will be assessed before any further investment.

Acrimonious Meaning: Angry and bitter Synonym: Hostile Antonym: Amicable Hindi Meaning: कक
श, तीखा Sentence: The debate became increasingly acrimonious as the candidates started arguing fiercely.

Nitty-gritty Meaning: The most important aspects or practical details of a matter Synonym: Details Antonym: Generalities Hindi Meaning: मूल बात:, महत्वपूण
ववरण Sentence: We need to focus on the nittygritty of the project to ensure everything runs smoothly

Ungainly Meaning: Clumsy or awkward Synonym: Awkward Antonym: Graceful Hindi Meaning: अजीब, बेतुका Sentence: The ungainly structure of the building drew criticism from the design experts.

Spectre Meaning: A ghost or something widely feared Synonym: Phantom Antonym: Reality Hindi Meaning: भूत, खौफ Sentence: The spectre of bankruptcy loomed over the company, causing widespread anxiety among employees.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs Used in the Passage Take stock Meaning: To assess or evaluate the situation or progress of something. Shake things up Meaning: To cause significant change or disruption in a situation. Yielding space Meaning: To give up or relinquish control or authority over something.

Retribution Meaning: Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. Synonym: Revenge, punishment Antonym: Forgiveness, pardon Sentence: The community viewed the new policies as a form of retribution rather than justice. Hindi Meaning: !तशोध

Impunity Meaning: Exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action. Synonym: Exemption, immunity Antonym: Accountability, liability Sentence: The criminals acted with impunity, believing that they were above the law. Hindi Meaning: दंड सेछूट

Oblivious Meaning: Not aware or concerned about what is happening around one. Synonym: Unaware, unconscious Antonym: Aware, mindful Sentence: She was oblivious to the tension in the room, as she was deeply engrossed in her book. Hindi Meaning: अनजान

Encroachments Meaning: Intrusions on a person's territory or rights. Synonym: Infringements, invasions Antonym: Respect, protection Sentence: The park had to deal with numerous encroachments over the years. Hindi Meaning: अत-मण

Gloating Meaning: To dwell on one's own success or another's misfortune with smugness or malignant pleasure. Synonym: Boasting, reveling Antonym: Sympathizing, mourning Sentence: His gloating over the competitor's failure was seen as unprofessional. Hindi Meaning: खुशी सेउल्ला=सत होना

Egregious Meaning: Outstandingly bad; shocking. Synonym: Flagrant, atrocious Antonym: Minor, negligible Sentence: The company's egregious neglect of safety standards led to a major accident. Hindi Meaning: घृ>णत

Trickery Meaning: The use of cunning or deceit to achieve a result. Synonym: Deception, fraud Antonym: Honesty, integrity Sentence: The contract was filled with trickery, making it difficult for the average person to understand. Hindi Meaning: धोखाधड़ी

Heinous Synonyms: Atrocious, Wicked, Evil Antonyms: Noble, Virtuous, Innocent Hindi Meaning: घृ>णत Sentence: The heinous crime shocked the entire community.

Ordinance Synonyms: Decree, Law, Regulation Antonyms: Repeal, Abolition, Violation Hindi Meaning: अध्यादेश Sentence: The government issued an ordinance to address the new policy changes.

Clamour Synonyms: Uproar, Protest, Outcry Antonyms: Silence, Quiet, Peace Hindi Meaning: हल्ला Sentence: There was a loud clamour for justice after the tragic incident.

Penal Synonyms: Punitive, Legal, Judicial Antonyms: Rewarding, Nonpunitive, Beneficial Hindi Meaning: दंडात्मक Sentence: The penal code was revised to include harsher punishments.

Deterrent Synonyms: Discouragement, Prevention, Hindrance Antonyms: Incentive, Encouragement, Motivation Hindi Meaning: नरोधक Sentence: The new laws were intended as a deterrent to would-be offenders.

Reform Synonyms: Improve, Amend, Revise Antonyms: Deteriorate, Worsen, Preserve Hindi Meaning: सुधार Sentence: Social reform is necessary to address the root causes of crime.

Slugfest Synonyms: Dispute, Conflict, Contest Antonyms: Agreement, Harmony, Accord Hindi Meaning: झगड़ा Sentence: The election debate turned into a slugfest between the two candidates.

Bias Synonyms: Prejudice, Partiality, Favoritism Antonyms: Impartiality, Fairness, Objectivity Hindi Meaning: पूवा
@ह Sentence: The investigator was accused of bias in handling the case.

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms ● "Clamour for": To loudly demand or protest for something. ● "Leans on": Relies on or depends on. ● "Seek out": To look for or search for something or someone. ● "Put a question mark on": To express doubt or uncertainty about something. ● "Better served": To be more effectively or adequately provided.

Ominously Meaning: In a manner that suggests something bad is going to happen. Synonyms: Threateningly, forebodingly. Antonyms: Optimistically, reassuringly. Sentence: The dark clouds in the sky appeared ominously, signaling an approaching storm. Hindi Meaning: अ!य संकेत केसाथ

Recouped Meaning: To recover or regain something lost. Synonyms: Recovered, retrieved. Antonyms: Lost, forfeited. Sentence: The business was able to recoup its losses within a year after the economic downturn. Hindi Meaning: पुनः !ाप्त करना

Parity Meaning: The state of being equal, especially regarding status or pay. Synonyms: Equality, equivalence. Antonyms: Inequality, disparity. Sentence: The new policy aims to achieve parity in salaries between different departments. Hindi Meaning: समानता

Mooted Meaning: To raise a topic for discussion or consideration. Synonyms: Proposed, suggested. Antonyms: Ignored, dismissed. Sentence: The committee mooted the idea of expanding the project to include additional features. Hindi Meaning: !स्तावत करना

Mainstreamed Meaning: To bring into the mainstream; to make widely accepted or integrated. Synonyms: Integrated, popularized. Antonyms: Marginalized, excluded. Sentence: The innovative technology was quickly mainstreamed into everyday consumer products. Hindi Meaning: मुख्यधारा म:शाCमल करना

Aborted Meaning: To terminate prematurely or to end something before completion. Synonyms: Canceled, halted. Antonyms: Continued, sustained. Sentence: The mission was aborted due to unexpected technical difficulties. Hindi Meaning: असफल करना

Redress Meaning: To set right or remedy a situation. Synonyms: Remedy, correct. Antonyms: Worsen, exacerbate. Sentence: The company implemented new policies to redress the imbalances in employee pay. Hindi Meaning: सुधारना, ठDक करना

Definitively Meaning: In a way that is conclusive and final. Synonyms: Conclusively, decisively. Antonyms: Indefinitely, tentatively. Sentence: The study definitively established the link between automation and declining labor income share. Hindi Meaning: नणा
यक Eप स

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms ● "Drop in" ● Meaning: A decrease in something. ● "Aborted bid" ● Meaning: A failed or discontinued attempt to achieve something. ● “Point to" ● Meaning: To indicate or suggest.

Blundering Meaning: Making or characterized by errors due to ignorance or confusion. Synonyms: Mistaken, erroneous. Antonyms: Accurate, correct. Hindi Meaning: गलतयाँकरनेवाला Sentence: The blundering interpretations in the curriculum led to widespread criticism.

Retrograde Meaning: Moving backward or reverting to an earlier, often worse, state. Synonyms: Regressive, backward. Antonyms: Progressive, forward. Hindi Meaning: !तगामी Sentence: The decision to revert the guidelines was seen as a retrograde step.

Transvestism Meaning: The practice of dressing and acting in a style or manner traditionally associated with the opposite sex. Synonyms: Cross-dressing, gender nonconformity. Antonyms: Traditional gender presentation. Hindi Meaning: वपरीत Gल/ग का वस्% पहनना Sentence: The curriculum's classification of transvestism as a perversion was highly criticized.

Derogatory Meaning: Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude. Synonyms: Disparaging, belittling. Antonyms: Complimentary, respectful. Hindi Meaning: तरस्कारपूण
 Sentence: The derogatory comments in the curriculum were a cause of great concern.

Admonition Meaning: A warning or reprimand about someone's behavior. Synonyms: Warning, reprimand. Antonyms: Praise, approval. Hindi Meaning: चेतावनी Sentence: The high courts' admonition prompted a review of the controversial curriculum.

Incremental Meaning: Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series of small, discrete amounts. Synonyms: Gradual, progressive. Antonyms: Sudden, drastic. Hindi Meaning: -Cमक Sentence: Progress in changing societal attitudes often happens in incremental steps

Eroded Meaning: Gradually worn away or diminished. Synonyms: Undermined, weakened. Antonyms: Strengthened, reinforced. Hindi Meaning: कमजोर करना Sentence: The incident has eroded public trust in the government's intentions.

Equitable Meaning: Fair and impartial. Synonyms: Fair, just. Antonyms: Unfair, biased. Hindi Meaning: न्यायपूण
 Sentence: The goal of the new curriculum was to ensure equitable access to healthcare.

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms ●Strays from - To deviate or diverge from a path or intended course. ●Take back - To reverse or retract something that was previously stated or done. ●Write to - To send a letter or communication to someone. ●Seize the opportunity - To take advantage of a chance or situation.

Overdue Meaning: Not done or happening by the expected or required time. Synonyms: Delayed, late, behind schedule. Antonyms: Early, prompt. Hindi Meaning: वलंबत Sentence: The project is overdue and needs to be completed immediately.

Neglect Meaning: Fail to care for properly. Synonyms: Ignore, disregard, overlook. Antonyms: Attend to, care for. Hindi Meaning: उपे#ा Sentence: The neglected garden was overgrown with weeds.

Veiled Meaning: Not openly shown; disguised. Synonyms: Hidden, disguised, implicit. Antonyms: Open, explicit. Hindi Meaning: छुपा Hआ Sentence: His veiled criticism was clear to those who knew him well.

Hinges Meaning: Depends on or is contingent upon. Synonyms: Depends, relies, based. Antonyms: Independent, autonomous. Hindi Meaning: नभ
र करना Sentence: The success of the project hinges on securing funding.

Defray Meaning: Provide money to pay for something. Synonyms: Cover, pay, offset. Antonyms: Withhold, keep. Hindi Meaning: खच
उठाना Sentence: The scholarship will defray the costs of tuition and books.

Entreaties Meaning: Earnest or humble requests. Synonyms: Pleas, appeals, requests. Antonyms: Demands, orders. Hindi Meaning: !ाथ
ना Sentence: Despite their entreaties, the government decided to proceed with the new policy.

Predatory Meaning: Seeking to exploit or victimize others. Synonyms: Exploitative, aggressive, rapacious. Antonyms: Protective, nurturing. Hindi Meaning: =शकार करनेवाला Sentence: The company’s predatory practices were condemned by consumer rights groups.

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms ●Laid out - Presented or arranged in a specific way. ●Ramping up - Increasing or accelerating something. ●Bear fruit - To produce good results or benefits.

Regimen Meaning: A prescribed course of medical treatment or diet. Synonyms: Routine, treatment plan Antonyms: None Hindi Meaning: =चकत्सा योजना Sentence: The doctor recommended a new regimen to improve her health.

Transformative Meaning: Causing a significant change or improvement. Synonyms: Revolutionary, groundbreaking Antonyms: Unchanging, stagnant Hindi Meaning: प4रवत
नकारी Sentence: The new policy was transformative for the education system.

Multidrug-resistant Meaning: Resistant to multiple drugs, especially in the context of infections. Synonyms: Drug-resistant Antonyms: Drug-sensitive Hindi Meaning: बHऔषCध-!तरोधक Sentence: The patient was diagnosed with a multidrug-resistant strain of TB.

Entail Meaning: To involve or require as a necessary part or consequence. Synonyms: Involve, require Antonyms: Exclude, omit Hindi Meaning: आवश्यक होना Sentence: The job entails a lot of travel.

Pioneer Meaning: A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area, or a person who is among the first to develop or apply new methods or knowledge. Synonyms: Trailblazer, innovator Antonyms: Follower, imitator Hindi Meaning: अ@णी Sentence: She was a pioneer in the field of genetic research.

Admirably Meaning: In a way that inspires approval or admiration. Synonyms: Praiseworthily, commendably Antonyms: Disapprovingly, poorly Hindi Meaning: सराहनीय Eप से Sentence: She handled the challenging situation admirably.

Incidence Meaning: The occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or other undesirable thing. Synonyms: Occurrence, rate Antonyms: Absence, non-occurrence Hindi Meaning: घटना Sentence: The incidence of diabetes has increased in recent years.

Sensitively Meaning: In a way that is careful to consider others' feelings or the possible effects of actions. Synonyms: Considerately, thoughtfully Antonyms: Insensitively, thoughtlessly Hindi Meaning: संवेदनशीलता से Sentence: She spoke sensitively about the issues affecting the community.

Clamour Meaning: A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting or talking loudly. Synonyms: Uproar, din, noise, outcry Antonyms: Silence, quiet Hindi Meaning: शोर-गुल Sentence: The clamour from the protesters filled the streets.

Aegis Meaning: Protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization. Synonyms: Patronage, support, protection, guidance Antonyms: Neglect, abandonment Hindi Meaning: संर#ा Sentence: The project was developed under the aegis of the United Nations.

Averred Meaning: To assert or affirm with confidence. Synonyms: Assert, declare, affirm, state Antonyms: Deny, contradict Hindi Meaning: पुC करना Sentence: The scientist averred that the new treatment was highly effective.

Desist Meaning: To cease or abstain from doing something. Synonyms: Stop, cease, refrain, discontinue Antonyms: Continue, persist Hindi Meaning: Kकना Sentence: He was instructed to desist from making further comments.

Tom-tomming Meaning: To make a lot of public noise about something. Synonyms: Boast, brag, promote Antonyms: Conceal, downplay Hindi Meaning: !चार करना Sentence: The company was tom-tomming its new product launch on social media.

Nuanced Meaning: Characterized by subtle differences or variations. Synonyms: Subtle, refined, detailed, sophisticated Antonyms: Obvious, simple, coarse Hindi Meaning: बारीक़ Sentence: The artist's painting had a nuanced use of color and texture.

Buoyant Meaning: Cheerful and optimistic, or able to stay afloat. Synonyms: Cheerful, lively, optimistic, floating Antonyms: Dull, depressed, sinking Hindi Meaning: खुशहाल Sentence: The stock market remained buoyant despite economic uncertainty.

Benign Meaning: Kindly and benevolent; not harmful. Synonyms: Harmless, gentle, mild, kind Antonyms: Harmful, malevolent, harsh Hindi Meaning: सौम्य Sentence: The tumor was found to be benign and not a cause for concern.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs from the Passage ● Take a call on - To make a decision about something. ● Take forward - To advance or continue something.

Modicum Meaning: A small quantity of a particular thing. Synonyms: Small amount, bit, fragment Antonyms: Abundance, excess Sentence: The scheme provides a modicum of health coverage for senior citizens. Hindi Meaning: थोड़ा सा, सीCमत मा%ा

Laudable Meaning: Deserving praise and commendation. Synonyms: Admirable, commendable, praiseworthy Antonyms: Unworthy, blameworthy Sentence: The government's decision to extend health coverage is laudable. Hindi Meaning: सराहनीय, !शंसा योग्य

Outpatient Meaning: A patient who receives medical treatment without being admitted to a hospital. Synonyms: Non-admitted patient, ambulatory patient Antonyms: Inpatient, hospitalized patient Sentence: The scheme does not cover outpatient care, which is a major concern. Hindi Meaning: बाM रोगी, अताल म:भतN न होनेवाला रोगी

Penetration Meaning: The action of entering or gaining access to a place or situation. Synonyms: Infiltration, entry, reach Antonyms: Withdrawal, exit Sentence: The penetration of PM-JAY into smaller towns has been insufficient. Hindi Meaning: !वेश, पHंच

Robust Meaning: Strong and healthy; vigorous. Synonyms: Sturdy, resilient, vigorous Antonyms: Weak, fragile Sentence: A robust primary health care system can alleviate the burden on tertiary care. Hindi Meaning: मजबूत, सश2

Modalities Meaning: Methods or procedures for achieving something. Synonyms: Methods, techniques, approaches Antonyms: Imbalances, irregularities Sentence: The insurance modality in India is facing challenges in terms of affordability. Hindi Meaning: वCधयाँ, !-याएँ

Curative Meaning: Intended to cure or heal. Synonyms: Healing, therapeutic, remedial Antonyms: Preventive, palliative Sentence: The scheme is intended for curative care, not outpatient services. Hindi Meaning: उपचारात्मक, रोग नवारण

Shrinking Meaning: Becoming smaller in size or amount. Synonyms: Contracting, diminishing, reducing Antonyms: Expanding, growing Sentence: Over-reliance on private hospitals is causing the government’s commitment to shrink. Hindi Meaning: =सकुड़ना, घटाना

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage Cling on to (implied): Holding onto power or a position. Bank on: To rely or depend on something.

Tranche Meaning: A portion or slice of a loan or other financial arrangement. Synonyms: Portion, segment, slice. Antonyms: Whole, total. Usage: The government released the funds in several tranches. Hindi Meaning: कस्त

Crux Meaning: The most important or decisive point. Synonyms: Essence, core, heart. Antonyms: Periphery, detail. Usage: The crux of the problem was never addressed. Hindi Meaning: मुख्य .ब/P

Vistas Meaning: A broad view or outlook. Synonyms: Prospects, views, horizons. Antonyms: Limitations, constraints. Usage: The new project opened up exciting vistas for the company. Hindi Meaning: QC

Interventions Meaning: Actions taken to improve a situation, especially medical or social. Synonyms: Measures, actions, treatments. Antonyms: Neglect, avoidance. Usage: The doctors discussed various interventions to treat the disease. Hindi Meaning: हस्त#ेप

Feasibility Meaning: The practicality or possibility of something. Synonyms: Viability, practicality, possibility. Antonyms: Impossibility, impracticality. Usage: The feasibility of the project was questioned by the stakeholders. Hindi Meaning: 8वहाय
ता

Panacea Meaning: A solution or remedy for all problems or difficulties. Synonyms: Cure-all, remedy, solution. Antonyms: Problem, disease. Usage: There is no panacea for the issues facing the education system. Hindi Meaning: साव
भौCमक उपाय

Mitigate Meaning: To make less severe, serious, or painful. Synonyms: Alleviate, reduce, lessen. Antonyms: Worsen, exacerbate. Usage: Measures were taken to mitigate the impact of the flood. Hindi Meaning: कम करना

Wholesomely Meaning: In a way that is conducive to health or well-being. Synonyms: Healthily, thoroughly, completely. Antonyms: Partially, incompletely. Usage: Understanding the issue wholesomely is crucial for finding a solution. Hindi Meaning: सRूण
Eप स

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ● "Slave to weather": ● Meaning: To be controlled or dominated by weather conditions. ● "Open more vistas": ● Meaning: To create new opportunities or possibilities. ● "Pick up": ● Meaning: To improve or increase gradually

Cusp Meaning: A point of transition between two different states. Synonyms: Verge, brink, edge, threshold, point. Antonyms: Center, middle, interior. Usage Sentence: The company was on the cusp of major expansion. Hindi Meaning: कगार

Stringent Meaning: Strict, precise, and exacting. Synonyms: Strict, severe, rigorous, tough. Antonyms: Lenient, flexible, lax. Usage Sentence: The company has implemented more stringent safety regulations. Hindi Meaning: कठोर

Incarceration Meaning: The state of being confined in prison; imprisonment. Synonyms: Imprisonment, detention, confinement, captivity. Antonyms: Freedom, release, liberation. Usage Sentence: His wrongful incarceration lasted for ten years before he was exonerated. Hindi Meaning: कारावास

High-handed Meaning: Using power or authority without considering the feelings of others. Synonyms: Arbitrary, autocratic, dictatorial, imperious. Antonyms: Humble, considerate, democratic. Usage Sentence: The manager's highhanded approach alienated the staff. Hindi Meaning: नरंकुश

Suspect Meaning: Doubtful, not to be relied upon. Synonyms: Suspicious, dubious, questionable. Antonyms: Trustworthy, reliable, certain. Usage Sentence: The police found the timing of his actions highly suspect. Hindi Meaning: सं
दग्ध

Prolonging Meaning: Extending the duration of something. Synonyms: Lengthening, extending, delaying, stretching. Antonyms: Shortening, curtailing, diminishing. Usage Sentence: The lawyer’s arguments only served to prolong the trial. Hindi Meaning: लम्बा करना

Precedent Meaning: An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide for future circumstances. Synonyms: Example, model, guide, benchmark. Antonyms: Aftermath, subsequent, later. Usage Sentence: The court's decision set an important precedent for future cases. Hindi Meaning: पूव
उदाहरण

Disposition Meaning: A person's inherent qualities of mind and character; a tendency towards something. Synonyms: Temperament, nature, inclination, tendency. Antonyms: Disinclination, aversion, reluctance. Usage Sentence: His calm disposition helped him navigate the crisis effectively. Hindi Meaning: स्वभाव

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ●On the cusp of Meaning: At the point when something is about to happen. ●Caged parrot Meaning: A metaphor for an entity (often the CBI) that is controlled or restricted, especially by external influences. ●Touch upon Meaning: To briefly talk about something.

Conceding Meaning: Admitting or acknowledging something as true or correct. Synonyms: Acknowledge, admit, yield. Antonyms: Deny, dispute, challenge. Usage: The government was forced to concede to most of the doctors' demands. Hindi Meaning: मान लेना

Agitation Meaning: A state of anxiety or nervous excitement; public protest. Synonyms: Protest, unrest, turmoil. Antonyms: Peace, calm, serenity. Usage: The doctors’ agitation has become a people’s movement. Hindi Meaning: आंदोलन

Cease Meaning: To stop or bring to an end. Synonyms: Stop, halt, end. Antonyms: Continue, persist, resume. Usage: The doctors went on a cease-work strike. Hindi Meaning: रोक देना

Pervading Meaning: Spread through or be present in every part of something. Synonyms: Permeate, fill, imbue. Antonyms: Contained, restricted, isolated. Usage: There is a pervading “threat culture” in government hospitals. Hindi Meaning: 8ाप्त होना

Impasse Meaning: A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement. Synonyms: Deadlock, stalemate, standstill. Antonyms: Breakthrough, progress, agreement. Usage: The government should have ended the impasse earlier. Hindi Meaning: गतरोध

Alienated Meaning: To feel isolated or estranged. Synonyms: Estranged, isolated, separated. Antonyms: Included, welcomed, embraced. Usage: The handling of the investigation alienated the doctors. Hindi Meaning: अलग-थलग

Sceptical Meaning: Doubtful or questioning the truth or reliability of something. Synonyms: Doubtful, suspicious, unconvinced. Antonyms: Confident, trusting, convinced. Usage: The Supreme Court was sceptical about the deployment of contractual security personnel. Hindi Meaning: शंकाल

●Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ●Walk the talk: To back up one's words with actions. ●Laid siege to: Surrounded or occupied a place in protest or rebellion. ●Call off: To cancel something. ●Pitch in: To contribute or help, especially in a group effort. ●Take over: To assume control of something. ●Pull up: To reprimand or criticize someone for their actions. ●Set aside: To reserve or allocate something for a specific purpose.

Apportionment Meaning: The action of dividing and distributing something. Synonyms: Allocation, Distribution, Division. Antonyms: Collection, Accumulation, Amalgamation. Hindi Meaning: वभाजन, आवंटन Sentence: The Finance Ministers demanded a fair apportionment of taxes.

Devolution Meaning: The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level. Synonyms: Decentralization, Delegation, Transfer. Antonyms: Centralization, Retention, Concentration. Hindi Meaning: श=2यS का हस्तांतरण Sentence: The devolution of financial powers to the States is essential for federal governance.

Infringement Meaning: The action of breaking the terms of a law or agreement. Synonyms: Violation, Breach, Encroachment. Antonyms: Compliance, Adherence, Observance. Hindi Meaning: उल्लंघन Sentence: Many States feel that the Centre’s policies are an infringement on their autonomy

Autonomy Meaning: The right or condition of selfgovernment. Synonyms: Independence, Sovereignty, Selfrule. Antonyms: Dependence, Subordination, Control. Hindi Meaning: स्वायTता Sentence: States are demanding more autonomy in tax collection under the GST regime.

Paltry Meaning: Insignificant; meager. Synonyms: Trivial, Measly, Scanty. Antonyms: Considerable, Substantial, Ample. Hindi Meaning: तुU, बHत कम Sentence: The funds allocated for certain State projects in the Union Budget were paltry

Contingency Meaning: A future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty. Synonyms: Emergency, Possibility, Risk. Antonyms: Certainty, Assurance, Security. Hindi Meaning: आकVWमकता Sentence: The Finance Commission has not addressed contingency expenses related to disasters.

Trajectory Meaning: The path followed by an object moving through space, or metaphorically, the course of development. Synonyms: Course, Path, Route. Antonyms: Stagnation, Immobility, Standstill. Hindi Meaning: पथ,
दशा Sentence: The economic trajectory of highperforming States is at risk due to limited tax devolution.

●Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ●In the backdrop of ● Meaning: Against the background of; in the context of. ● Hands tied ● Meaning: Unable to act freely due to restrictions. ●Bring to the table ● Meaning: To contribute something of value in a discussion or negotiation. ●Reignite the debate ● Meaning: To restart a discussion or controversy.

Renegotiation Meaning: Re-discussion or revision of terms in an agreement. Synonyms: Reconsideration, revision, rediscussion. Antonyms: Agreement, settlement. Hindi Meaning: पुन: बातचीत Sentence: India called for the renegotiation of the water treaty with Pakistan.

Logjam Meaning: A situation that seems impossible to solve because of disagreements. Synonyms: Stalemate, deadlock, impasse. Antonyms: Breakthrough, resolution. Hindi Meaning: गतरोध Sentence: The meeting ended in a logjam with no agreement reached.

Template Meaning: A model or example that others can copy. Synonyms: Pattern, model, blueprint. Antonyms: Improvisation. Hindi Meaning: नमूना Sentence: The treaty was once seen as a template for international water-sharing agreements

Snowballed Meaning: To increase rapidly in size, intensity, or importance. Synonyms: Expand, grow, escalate. Antonyms: Decrease, diminish, reduce. Hindi Meaning: बढ़ जाना Sentence: The issue snowballed into a major conflict over time.

Unravel Meaning: To disentangle or solve something complex. Synonyms: Solve, resolve, untangle. Antonyms: Entangle, complicate. Hindi Meaning: सुलझाना Sentence: The situation between the two countries began to unravel in the early 2000s.

●Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ●Turned its back: Refused to engage or participate. ●In peril: In danger or risk. ●Called off: Cancelled or terminated.

Empowered Meaning: Given the authority or power to do something. Synonyms: Authorized, enabled, permitted Antonyms: Disempowered, restricted, prohibited Hindi Meaning: सश2 Sentence: The fact-checking unit was empowered to remove misleading information from social media platforms.

Flagged Meaning: Marked for attention or concern. Synonyms: Indicated, marked, identified Antonyms: Ignored, overlooked, neglected Hindi Meaning: =चYZहत कया Sentence: The fact-checking unit flagged the news as misleading.

Censor Meaning: To suppress or remove material considered offensive or harmful. Synonyms: Suppress, expurgate, edit Antonyms: Approve, endorse, publish Hindi Meaning: स:सर करना Sentence: The government was criticized for trying to censor opposing opinions

Recklessly Meaning: Without thinking about the consequences of one's actions. Synonyms: Carelessly, rashly, heedlessly Antonyms: Carefully, cautiously, prudently Hindi Meaning: लापरवाही से Sentence: Recklessly spreading misinformation can cause widespread panic.

Redress Meaning: Remedy or compensation for a wrong or grievance. Synonyms: Rectify, correct, amend Antonyms: Aggravate, worsen, ignore Hindi Meaning: सुधार Sentence: The court provided a means of redress for those affected by the law.

Arbiter Meaning: A person who has the authority to judge or decide a matter. Synonyms: Judge, referee, mediator Antonyms: Agitator, participant, disputant Hindi Meaning: मध्य[ Sentence: The government should not act as the sole arbiter of what is true.

Prevalence Meaning: The fact or condition of being widespread. Synonyms: Widespreadness, commonness, ubiquity Antonyms: Rarity, infrequency, scarcity Hindi Meaning: 8ापकता Sentence: The prevalence of fake news is a growing concern.

Coercively Meaning: Using force or threats to make someone do something. Synonyms: Forcibly, compulsorily, authoritatively Antonyms: Voluntarily, willingly, freely Hindi Meaning: जबरदस्ती Sentence: The government’s approach was seen as coercively silencing dissent.

●Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ●Struck down ● Meaning: To declare something invalid or unconstitutional. ●Tie-breaking ruling ● Meaning: A decision made to settle a dispute when there is a tie. ● Held firm ● Meaning: To remain steadfast or unchanging. ●Turned its back on ● Meaning: To reject or ignore something.

Adulteration Meaning: The act of adding inferior or harmful substances to something to make it impure or of lower quality. Synonyms: Contamination, Degradation, Defilement Antonyms: Purity, Refinement, Cleanliness Hindi Meaning: Cमलावट Sentence: The adulteration of food products can pose serious health risks to consumers.

Arduous Meaning: Involving or requiring a lot of effort; difficult and tiring. Synonyms: Strenuous, Challenging, Exhausting Antonyms: Easy, Effortless, Simple Hindi Meaning: क
ठन Sentence: Climbing the mountain was an arduous task that required immense strength.

Deterrence Meaning: The act of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences. Synonyms: Prevention, Hindrance, Inhibition Antonyms: Encouragement, Support, Promotion Hindi Meaning: नरोध Sentence: The strict laws served as a deterrence against criminal activities.

Caveats Meaning: A warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations. Synonyms: Warnings, Cautions, Conditions Antonyms: Assurance, Certainty, Approval Hindi Meaning: सावधानयाँ Sentence: The agreement was signed with several caveats regarding future disputes.

Opportunistic Meaning: Exploiting immediate opportunities, often unethically, without regard to principles or consequences. Synonyms: Self-serving, Calculating, Unscrupulous Antonyms: Principled, Ethical, Honest Hindi Meaning: अवसरवाद Sentence: The politician’s opportunistic behavior raised doubts about his sincerity.

Purview Meaning: The scope or range of authority, responsibility, or concern. Synonyms: Scope, Extent, Range Antonyms: Limitation, Narrowness, Confinement Hindi Meaning: अCधकार #े% Sentence: Matters of national security fall within the purview of the government.

Metamorphose Meaning: To change in form, structure, or nature, especially into something completely different. Synonyms: Transform, Convert, Transmute Antonyms: Remain, Stagnate, Persist Hindi Meaning: Eपांत4रत होना Sentence: Over the years, the small town metamorphosed into a bustling city

Muck-raking Meaning: The act of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way. Synonyms: Scandal-mongering, Slandering, Defamation Antonyms: Praising, Commending, Honoring Hindi Meaning: बदनामी फैलाना Sentence: The journalist was accused of muck-raking rather than genuine reporting.

●Phrasal Verbs and Idioms from the Passage ● “On the face of it" - Meaning: At first glance; based on the appearance of things. ● "In the wake of" - Meaning: Following or as a result of something.