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Lecture: 2 Geology and Earth crust

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 Lecture: 2 Geology and Earth crust Geology is the study of the earth and it also known as ‘Geo-science’ or ‘Earth science’. Geology involves studying the materials that make up the earth, the features and structures found on Earth as well as the processes that act upon them. Typically, geology is divided into two categories: physical geology and historical geology. Physical geology deals with the study of the physical features of the earth and the processes acting on them. This includes volcanoes, earthquakes, rocks, mountains and the oceans; just about any feature of the earth. Historical geology is the study of the history of the earth. Historical geologists focus on what's happened to Earth since its formation.  Mineralogy: Study of minerals  Petrology: Study of rocks  Palaeontology: Deals with mode of preservation of plant and animal fossils  Interior of the Earth  The Earth Ball consists of 3 concentric rings namely Crust, Mantle and Core.   Cr...
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Lecture: 5 WEATHERING OF ROCKS AND MINERALS

 Lecture:                  5 WEATHERING OF ROCKS AND                     MINERALS Weathering:-                       The breakdown of rocks and mineral by physical, chemical and biological agents.  or  A process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals by physical agents and chemical processes, leading to the formation of Regolith. It is basically a combination of transformation and synthesis.  Type of weathering:-  A. Physical weathering  B. Chemical weathering  C. Biological weathering A. Physical weathering :- means disintegration  It is a mechanical process, causing disintegration or breakdown of consolidated massive rocks into smaller pieces without producing any new substances by physical agents i.e. Temperature, water, ice, wind, plant and animals.  I. Action of Temp...
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Lecture: 7 Soil Texture

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                 Lecture: 7       Soil Texture      Physical properties (mechanical behaviour) of a soil greatly influence its use and behaviour towards plant growth. The plant support, root penetration, drainage, aeration, retention of moisture, and plant nutrients are linked with the physical condition of the soil. Physical properties also influence the chemical and biological behaviour of soil. The physical properties of a soil depend on the amount, size, shape, arrangement and mineral composition of its particles. These properties also depend on organic matter content and pore spaces.   Important physical properties of soils.  1. Soil texture,.                    2. Soil structure 3. Surface area.                    4. Soil density,.      5. Soil porosity,      ...
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Components of soil. Lecture 2

              Components of soil Mineral soil consists of four major components i.e., inorganic or mineral materials, organic matter, water and air. In a representative loam surface soil, the solid mineral particles comprise about 45% of the soil volume and organic matter 5%. At optimum moisture for plant growth, the pore space is divided roughly in half, 25 %, of volume being water space and 25 % air. The proportions of air and water are subjected to rapid and great fluctuations. The four soil components occur in a thoroughly mixed condition in soil and this mixture encourages interactions within and between the groups and permits marked variations in the environment for the growth of plants.  The proportion of different components in the diagram depicts the good soil condition for plant growth (Loam surface soil).The air and water are extremely variable and their proportions determine in large degree the soil’s suitability for the plant growth. ...
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horticulture

          Horticulture Notes                    Pomology        BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FRUIT CROPS FAMILY             COMMON                 NAME Bromeliaceace Musaceae Arecaeae Actinidiaceae Anacardiaceae Pineapple Banana Datepalm Kiwi Mango Annonaceae Custard apple Apocynaceae Caricaceae Diileniaceae Euphorbiaceae Karonda Papaya Elephant apple Aonla Star gooseberry Clusiaceae Mango-steen Lauraceae Malhighiacae Moraceae Avocado Barbados cherry Jack fruit Monkey Jack Fig Mulberry 1 SCIENTIFIC NAME CHROMOSOME NO. 2n 1. Monocots Ananas comosus Musas balbisiana Phoenix dactylifera 2. Dicots Antinidia deliciosa Mangifera Indica Annona squamosal Carissa carandas Carica papaya Dillenia indica Emblica officinalis Phyllanthus acidus Garcinia mangostana Persea Americana Malphigia punicifolia Artocarpus heterophylla Art...
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Carbohydrates- Monosacchrides, Polysacchrides, Oligosacchrides

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                  Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates hamare sharir ke liye bahut zaroori hain. Carbohydrates hamare sharir ko urja dete hain aur hamare dimag aur manspeshiyon ko sahi se kaam karne me madad karte hain. Carbohydrates do prakar ke hote hain: simple aur complex. Simple carbohydrates jaldi se pach jaate hain aur hamare khoon me glucose ki matra badha dete hain. Simple carbohydrates me shakkar, shahad, phal aur doodh jaise khadya padarth shamil hain. Simple carbohydrates ko hamari body ko turant urja dene ke liye istemal kiya ja sakta hai. Complex carbohydrates dheere se pach jaate hain aur hamare khoon me glucose ki matra ko sthir rakhte hain. Complex carbohydrates me gehun, jau, chawal, makka aur sabji jaise khadya padarth shamil hain. Complex carbohydrates ko hamari body ko lambe samay tak urja dene ke liye istemal kiya ja sakta hai. Carbohydrates ka sahi matra me sevan karna hamare swasthya ke liye labhkari hai. Carbohydrates ha...
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My Document,Virus Scanners

   My Document:-  My Document is a folder present in the desktop. Any new file is by default saves in “My Document”. This folder can not be deleted from the computer.  Recycle Bin:- IF we delete any file or folder from any location in disk, it just disappears from that location and stored in a folder present in the desktop known as Recycle Bin. Thus, Recycle Bin stores all the deleted matter and act as garbage collector. To remove a file or folder permanently, we have to delete it from Recycle Bin. So, if a file is deleted accidentally, we can recover it from Recycle Bin.  System and Hardware Profile:-  Generally the profile for the hardware specifications of a personal computer are configured on motherboard, processor, RAM, Hard Disk Drive, Floppy Disk Drive, CD-ROM Drive, Keyboard, Mouse, VDU, other peripherals.  To view the hardware profile of the computer system, we have to use Control Panel. In the Control panel window we have open System Icon. Th...
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sapindaceae

 9. SAPINDACEAE Distribution:The family with its 92 genera and 900 species is widely distributed in tropical regions of the world. In India, it is fairly represented by 24 genera and 72 species common examples like Litchi sinensis, Aesculus indica, Sapindus muskorossi and species of Acer, mainly found in western Himalayas. Litchi and Sapindusare grown in most part of the country. Salient feature: Plants are trees or herbs rarely Woody Vines (Cardiospermum) climbs by tendrils or modified in inflorescence axes; stem has resin passages with plenty of gum. Description:Stem shows of extra stelar vascular bundles (anamalous condition); leaves are pinnately compound, exstipulate; flower complete and hypogynous; calyx and corolla are free; extra stamina disc is found in form of a gland; placentation is axile. Leaves: Leaves are alternate or rarely opposite (Acer) usually pinnately compound, rarely ternate and very simple (Cardiospermum), palmately lobed (Acer) or digitate (Aescules). Exsti...
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Components of Network,Network, personal computer

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   Network: - A network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers. Two computers defined as interconnected if they are capable to interchange information. The autonomous computer means that no computer on the network can start, stop or control another computer. The jobs are allotted in the network without users' intervention.  Components of Network: - A basic network is made up of the following hardware. ₀  Server • Workstations / Nodes • Interface Cards •  Cabling system  • Shared resources and peripherals  Server:- The server runs the network operating system and offers network services to workstations. These services include the file storage, user management, security, common network commands, system manager commands and much more. Nodes: - When a computer is attached to a network, it becomes a node on the network. It is sometimes referred as workstation. A node can be DOS-based PC or Windows 95/ 2000-based PC.  Interface Card:- ...
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