Computer Software

Set of Computer programs ,procedures, and associated documents ( flowcharts, manuals, etc) describing the programs and how they are to be used.Types of Software

• System Software

• Application Software

System Software :

Set of one or more programs that control operation and extends the processing

capability of a computer system.

It performs the following functions :

1. Supports development of other application software.

2. Supports execution of other application software.

3. Monitors effective use of various hardware resources such as CPU, memory,

peripherals, etc.

4. Communicates with and controls operation of peripheral devices such as

printer, disk, tape, etc.Types of System software

Operating systems :

Acts as an interface between user and the hardware.

Eg. Windows, Ubuntu etc.

Programming language translators :

Transform the instructions prepared by programmers in programming

language to a form that can be interpreted and executed by the

computer system ie. Programming language to machine language.

Eg. Dev C++, Turbo C++, Oracle.

Communication software :

While networking they enable transfer of data and programs from one

computer to another.

Eg. File transfer protocol.

Utility programs

Set of programs that help users in system maintenance tasks.

Eg. Antivirus.Application software:

Set of one or more programs that solves a specific problem, or does a specific

task.

Some different kinds of application softwares :

• Word processing software

• Spreadsheet Software

• Database software

• Graphics software

• Personal assistance software

• Education software

• Entertainment softwareComputer network

• A collection of computing devices that are connected in

various ways in order to communicate and share resources

• Usually, the connections between computers in a network

are made using physical wires or cables

• However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves

or infrared signalsTypes of Network

Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a

relatively small number of machines in a relatively close

geographical area

Wide-area network (WAN) A network that connects two or

more local-area networks over a potentially large

geographic distance

Metropolitan-area network (MAN) The communication

infrastructures that have been developed in and around

large citiesLocal-area networks connected across a distance to create

a wide-area networkVarious configurations, called topologies, have been

used to administer LANs

Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a

closed loop on which messages travel in one direction

Star topology A configuration that centers around one

node to which all others are connected and through which

all messages are sent

Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single

communication line that carries messages in both

directionsA bus technology called Ethernet has become the industry

standard for local-area networksInternet and Intranet

Internet

World wide

interconnection of

Computers and

networks using

internet protocols

It allows

www,ftp,VoIP,fileshari

ng video, email,

Gaming

Intranet

Internal website set

up internally for

companies and can

be accessed by

employees for the

purpose of standard

documents or

documents.Internetworking

• Bridges

• Repeaters

• RoutersBridges

A bridge is a product that connects a local area network to another local area

network that uses the same protocol for e.g. Ethernet .Router

A device that forwards data packets from one network to another.

Based on the address of the destination network in the upcoming packet and an

internal routing table,

the router determines which port to send out the packet.Repeater A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so signal can cover longer distances.